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13574 results in History of science and technology

Page 559 of 679

  • Some Early Heat Engine Concepts and the Conservation of Heat

  • A. J. Pacey
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 2 / July 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 135-145
    Print publication:
    July 1974

  • For the historian of thermodynamics, the outstanding events of the eighteenth century were the invention of the Newcomen atmospheric steam engine (1712), the patent of James Watt for a condenser separate from the engine's cylinder (1769), and Watt's further patent for the expansive use of steam (1782). These inventions, along with others concerned with hydraulic machinery, provided Sadi Carnot with the foundation on which he built, in 1824, the first fully general concept of a heat engine.

  • Sir John Herschel and the Development of Spectroscopy in Britain

  • M. A. Sutton
  • Journal:
    The British Journal for the History of Science / Volume 7 / Issue 1 / March 1974
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    05 January 2009, pp. 42-60
    Print publication:
    March 1974

  • One of the most dramatic advances in the physical sciences during the nineteenth century was the emergence of spectroscopy. It rapidly became an invaluable experimental technique for chemists and astronomers, while for physicists it opened a window upon the world of sub-atomic phenomena. Sir John Herschel played an important part, the value of which has sometimes been underestimated, in the early development of spectroscopy. This paper examines his contribution to the subject during the period 1819–61 in the light of his publications and of certain manuscript material preserved in the Royal Society's Library. Herschel corresponded with most of the scientists who did important work in spectroscopy during his lifetime, and he expressed definite opinions on most of the practical and theoretical problems that arose in it; however, the present study cannot pretend to offer a complete discussion of all aspects of the early history of spectroscopy.

Page 559 of 679