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Research in phonology has changed dramatically over the past two decades, with increasing influence from adjacent fields, including phonetics, psychology, and computer science, on both theories and methodologies. Cross-field interaction has led to a new emphasis on computation, learning, and evidence, and many new theoretical frameworks and methods have been developed. Now in its second edition, this handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of phonological theories, methods, and evidence. It has been fully revised and updated to offer both foundational and forward-looking content by combining classic issues with new research areas. Split into five thematic sections, with each chapter written by an expert in the field, this handbook continues to represent the state of the art in the discipline. It is essential reading for instructors, researchers, and students of phonology, as well as for those in related fields such as phonetics, morphology, syntax, semantics, psycholinguistics, and speech pathology.
Drawing on an extensive source base spanning five hundred years, from the first half of the sixteenth century to the present, this is the first comprehensive, data-driven study of both historical and modern varieties of Nahuatl, a major Indigenous language spoken in North America. Employing multidisciplinary methods and a diachronic perspective, it identifies the key social, cultural, and linguistic factors that have interacted to motivate language change and the evolution of the social and cultural ecologies of the Indigenous communities in today's multilingual and multiethnic Mexico. It provides a critical enrichment of Western theories of contact-induced language change, continuity, acculturation, and resilience, paving the way for new relational methods of studying these complex phenomena across time and space. It is essential reading for researchers in contact linguistics, historical and synchronic sociolinguistics, Hispanic and Latin American studies, and linguistic typology. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
American and British English in the twenty-first century are still divided by a common language. Now in its second edition, this highly readable guide provides an authoritative reference to English usage, covering the differences, and some emerging similarities, between British, American and international English. It has been thoroughly updated and expanded to document hundreds of variable points of usage for the benefit of British and American readers, and for those seeking international forms of English for written communication, as first- or second-language users. It discusses the current status of each usage item with quantitative evidence from the NOW (News on the Web) corpus and contemporary research. Lively examples of usage are provided to capture aspects of twenty-first century culture world-wide. It also discusses issues in the use of personal names and ethnic naming practices, as well as sexist and homophobic words, and person-centred words for those living with a disability.
With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this two-volume Handbook is a comprehensive guide to the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, providing an overview of all major theoretical issues in morphology. This volume, the second, looks at morphology post-syntax within the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, exploring its phonological and semantic aspects. It is divided into three parts; Parts I and II focus on morphology post-syntax, exploring its phonological and semantic aspects. Part III broadens the discussion to interfaces between morphology and other areas of linguistics and cognitive science, extending DM's reach well beyond core language components. Each chapter focuses on different theoretical issues, as well as empirical phenomena across a variety of languages. Filling a crucial gap in the domain of morphology, this volume is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand the depth and scope of Distributed Morphology research.
With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this two-volume Handbook is a comprehensive guide to the Distributed Morphology (DM) framework, providing an overview of all major theoretical issues in morphology. This volume, the first, covers the core components of DM, its historical context, and its foundational principles. It is divided into three parts; Part I introduces the basics of DM and compares it with alternative models, Part II delves into the core components of DM, and Part III addresses key issues for the syntax-morphology interface. Each chapter focuses on different theoretical issues, as well as empirical phenomena across a variety of languages. Filling a crucial gap in the domain of morphology, this volume is an essential resource for anyone who wants to understand the depth and scope of Distributed Morphology research.
The linguistic landscape has shifted considerably over the last twenty years, making it increasingly less clear how the key components of language (phonology, syntax, and semantics) communicate and interact with one another. With contributions from a team of renowned scholars, this volume addresses this gap by offering an interdisciplinary account of the current state of knowledge on linguistic interfaces. Chapters are split into five parts, and provide detailed, cutting-edge overviews of the main theoretical approaches to how grammatical components interact. The volume also includes in-depth descriptions of the empirical domains and individual phenomena in which the interface between syntax, semantics, and phonology becomes more informative, along with their psycholinguistic implications for processing and acquisition. Combining empirical data with theoretical analysis, it enables readers to assess and compare linguistic phenomena from multiple perspectives. It is essential reading for researchers and advanced students in syntax, morphology, semantics, pragmatics, phonetics and phonology.
Moving beyond familiar discussions of ethnic conflict, this Handbook presents a bold rethinking of how language shapes identity, power, and violence. With contributions from leading scholars in linguistics, political science, and public policy, it presents global case studies alongside new analytic tools for the study of language and global politics. It introduces “language conflict” as a clearer and more useful framework-one that brings linguistic structure, institutional policy, and communicative inequality into focus. Split into four sections, chapters cover topics such as hate speech, language rights, transitional justice, education policy, and postcolonial literature, spanning contexts from Cameroon to Catalonia, and from Guatemala to Sri Lanka. Together, these chapters show how language is not simply a cultural marker, but a political force that shapes collective identities, nationalism, and resistance. It is essential reading for anyone interested in language policy, multilingual governance, and the deep entanglement of language with political life.
Minimalism – a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach - has become increasingly influential not just in syntactic research, but across, and outside of, linguistics. Bringing together a team of renowned scholars, this handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory, and its relevance to the interfaces, and to interdisciplinary applications to linguistics and beyond. Organised into five thematic parts, chapters cover minimalist perspectives on the linguistic interfaces, language in context and language development, formalist approaches to experimental syntax and computational modelling, and inter- and multidisciplinary explorations beyond language - including language pathologies, evolutionary perspectives, non-human cognition, and biolinguistics. Bringing together different theoretical points of view on the narrow syntactic and interface areas of theoretical linguistics, it is essential reading for academic researchers and advanced students across various subfields of linguistics, including syntax, semantics, morphology, phonology, discourse, language contact, and language change.
Are you curious about how language works? This entertaining compendium features 50+ competitive games, challenging puzzles, and light-hearted quizzes, each introducing a concept from a branch of linguistics. You will crack the secret lingo of shady showmen, root out etymological impostors, and decipher ancient hieroglyphics – all while gaining valuable insights into the science of language. Drawing from a decade of material in Babel: The Language Magazine, this compilation transforms linguistics concepts into a series of puzzles, games, and quizzes designed to both enlighten and entertain. Written by Tristan Miller, a veteran puzzle author and computational linguist, its edifying explanations and vibrant visuals deliver an engaging learning experience and bridge the gap between linguistic academia and the general reader. Whether you are an aspiring polyglot, a puzzle enthusiast, or merely curious about how language works, Language Games is sure to deepen your appreciation for the beauty and diversity of human communication.
The Minimalist Program is a long-established branch of Chomsky's Generative approach to linguistics, which, since its first incarnation in the early 1990s, has become one of the most prominent frameworks for syntax. Bringing together a team of world-renowned scholars, this Handbook provides a comprehensive guide to current developments in generative syntactic theory. Split into five thematic parts, the chapters cover the historical context and foundations of the program, overviews of the major areas of research within modern syntactic theory, and a survey of the variety of phenomena dealt with within Minimalism through a focus on concepts, primitives, and operations. It offers in-depth perspectives on the core concepts and operations in the Minimalist Program for readers who are not already familiar with it, as well as a complete overview of the state-of-the-art in the field, making it essential reading for both scholars and students in the field.
Is a literary text an act of communication, and if so, how does it work? Relating works of literature to everyday utterances, this book focuses on the relationship between meaning and language in literary works. It uses an influential theory from linguistic pragmatics, relevance theory, to reveal a connection between literature and ordinary talk, while maintaining that the effect of literariness is achieved through exploiting the communicative options open to us more deeply and in more complex ways in poetry and prose fiction. It provides an accessible introduction to relevance theory and connects the theory to ideas in evolutionary cognitive psychology, whilst also comparing it to other approaches in stylistics, literary studies and pragmatics. This book also includes detailed analyses of literary texts, supported with linguistic descriptions of form, examining texts and textual features such as satire, first and third person narratives, sound-patterned poetry, comic rhymes, literary parodies and metaphor.
Combining cross-linguistic typology, experimental data and formal analysis, this book introduces a new theoretical model for understanding how and why vowels change in unstressed syllables - Mora Loss and Restoration (MLR) Theory. In MLR Theory, unstressed vowels lose moras – phonological elements that represent duration. This loss, which is distinct from feature loss, has pervasive phonological and phonetic effects, but can be reversed later in the derivation. This book addresses methodological challenges, emphasizing the importance of morphophonological alternations and acoustic measurements, and offers a comprehensive typology of vowel reduction patterns. The theory is backed up with a wealth of data from New Zealand English and European Portuguese speakers, bridging abstract phonological theory with concrete evidence. Written for researchers and students of phonology, phonetics and morphology, this book is a valuable resource for those exploring the theoretical and empirical dimensions of vowel reduction across languages, and especially the interaction of prosody and segments.
What is the Arabic term for ‘sleeper cell’? How would you say 'hijacker'? Can you recognise the phrase 'operational planning'? Or 'money-laundering investigations'? This short, accessible vocabulary gives you ready-made lists of key terms in security Arabic for translating both from and into Arabic. It is divided into 13 key areas: General - Global Security - Organisations - Energy Security - Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) - Defence & Military - Law Enforcement - Counter Terrorism - Human Intelligence - Communications Technology - Information Technology - Information Security - Intelligence Analysis.
This book offers an extended critique of one of the main theoretical approaches to second language acquisition--the input/interaction/output school--on the grounds that it does not take sociolinguistic considerations into account. This boils down to a social approach that complements the dominant cognitive approach. Block's approach, in essence, is to walk through the definitions of each part of the term ‘second language acquisition', which is more substantive than it sounds, to broaden future research in the field.
The first textbook to bring together the linguistics of both BSL and ASL, this accessible book provides a uniquely international and comparative introduction to the structure and use of signed languages. Presupposing no prior knowledge, it covers all levels of linguistic structure: phonetics/phonology, morphology, the lexicon, syntax, semantics and discourse. Photographic illustrations of BSL and ASL signs feature throughout every chapter, and are linked to over 500 online videos, making this a clear and immersive resource for anyone interested in sign language linguistics. End of chapter exercises, questions for discussion and annotated further reading suggestions allow students to fully engage with the material they have read, and to extend their learning independently.
Deirdre Madden: New critical perspectives is a landmark study of this important and highly regarded Irish novelist. It underscores the range, imaginative complexity, and enduring relevance of Madden’s fictions. The chapters collected in this volume explore her crucial Troubles and post-Troubles fictions – Hidden Symptoms, One by One in the Darkness, Molly Fox’s Birthday, and Time Present and Time Past – and draw out their interconnected portrayals of violence, grief, time, trauma, and memory. Madden’s dexterous use of the novel form is highlighted, especially her bending of the conventions of realism to encompass searching philosophical and existential themes. Revealingly, she is shown to be a foremost practitioner of the artist novel or Künstlerroman. Through the figures of the writer, the painter, the photographer, and the actor, she examines the ability of art to remake and distil reality and to shed indirect light on emotional cruxes that cannot otherwise be fathomed. These chapters provide an overview of all of Madden’s work, including her children’s novels, and uncover its inquiring and multidimensional qualities. Her overarching themes are drawn out, amongst them the familial, states of dislocation, resonant objects, the haunting aftermath of the past, the transnational, and the regenerative function of art. Making use of a wide variety of approaches, these chapters persuasively elucidate the compelling subtleties of Madden’s fiction. Readers are invited to discover the work of this accomplished Irish writer who across all her novels engages thought-provokingly with contemporary life, politics, and art.
Dive into the fascinating world of how people across Greater Manchester speak, and what their voices reveal about identity and belonging. This lively book follows a groundbreaking research project that explored local accents, dialects, and social meaning using perception maps, pronunciation analysis, archive recordings, and interviews conducted in a roving 'Accent Van'. Packed with real voices, it offers surprising insights into how language connects us to place, community, and culture. Each chapter highlights a different strand of the research, while reflecting on broader themes of identity, the social significance of everyday language, and the value of listening. Along the way, readers get a behind-the-scenes look at how large-scale sociolinguistic projects are designed, funded, and executed - and why they matter. Celebrating the richness and diversity of local speech, this book is a joyful, thought-provoking tribute to the voices that shape our communities.
The book that tells you all the things you felt you were expected to know about linguistics, but were afraid to ask about.*What do you know about Burushaski and Miwok?*What’s the difference between paradigmatic and syntagmatic?*What is E-language?*What is a language?*Do parenthetical and non-restrictive mean the same thing?*How do you write a bibiliographic entry for a work you have not seen?Every student who has asked these questions needs this book. A compendium of useful things for linguistics students to know, from the IPA chart to the Saussurean dichotomies, this book will be the constant companion of anyone undertaking studies of linguistics. Part reference work, part revision guide, and with tables providing summary information on some 280 languages, the book provides a new learning tool as a supplement to the usual textbooks and glossaries.
This pocket-sized alphabetic guide introduces terms used in the study of linguistic morphology, the study of the structure of words. The importance of morphology has been more clearly recognised in recent linguistic theory, and this glossary thus covers an area of growing interest. Clearly written by a leading authority in the field, the glossary provides coverage of both traditional and contemporary terminology.Key features* A handy and easily understandable pocket guide for anyone embarking on courses in morphology* Supplies numerous cross-references to related terms* Contains an introduction which discusses the centrality of morphology in linguistic studies* Covers new terminology such as contextual inflection and morphome* Includes an annotated bibliography with suggestions for further reading