Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-qxdb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T05:36:04.869Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs

Past and Present Approaches in Egyptology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2020

Uroš Matić
Affiliation:
Austrian Archaeological Institute

Summary

Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs deals with ancient Egyptian concept of collective identity, various groups which inhabited the Egyptian Nile Valley and different approaches to ethnic identity in the last two hundred years of Egyptology. The aim is to present the dynamic processes of ethnogenesis of the inhabitants of the land of the pharaohs, and to place various approaches to ethnic identity in their broader scholarly and historical context. The dominant approach to ethnic identity in ancient Egypt is still based on culture historical method. This and other theoretically better framed approaches (e.g. instrumentalist approach, habitus, postcolonial approach, ethnogenesis, intersectionality) are discussed using numerous case studies from the 3rd millennium to the 1st century BC. Finally, this Element deals with recent impact of third science revolution on archaeological research on ethnic identity in ancient Egypt.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108885577
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 17 December 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, J. P. (2015). Middle Egyptian Literature: Eight Literary Works of the Middle Kingdom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Anthony, F. B. (2016). Foreigners in Ancient Egypt: Theban Tomb Paintings from the Early Eighteenth Dynasty (1550–1372 BC). London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. (2010). Image and Identity: Egypt’s Eastern Neighbours, East Delta People and the Hyksos. In Marée, M., ed., The Second Intermediate Period (13th–I 7th Dynasties): Current Research, Future Prospects. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 192. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 183221.Google Scholar
Assmann, J. (1996). Zum Konzept der Fremdheit im alten Ägypten. In Schuster, M., ed., Die Begegnung mit dem Fremden: Wertungen und Wirkungen in Hochkulturen vom Altertum bis zur Gegenwart. Colloquium Rauricum 4. Stuttgart & Leipzig: Teubner, pp. 7799.Google Scholar
Bader, B. (2011). Contacts between Egypt and Syria-Palestine as Seen in a Grown Settlement of the Late Middle Kingdom at Tell el-Dabca/Egypt. In Mynářová, J., ed., Egypt and the Near East: The Crossroads, Proceedings of the International Workshop on the Relations between Egypt and the Near East in the Bronze Age, Prague 2011. Prague: Charles University, pp. 4172.Google Scholar
Bader, B. (2013). Cultural Mixing in Egyptian Archaeology: The ‘Hyksos’ as a Case Study. In van Pelt, W. P., ed., Archaeology and Cultural Mixing. Archaeological Review from Cambridge Issue 28.1. Cambridge: Archaeological Review Cambridge, pp. 257–86.Google Scholar
Baines, J. (1996). Contextualising Egyptian Representations of Society and Ethnicity. In Cooper, J. & Schwartz, G., eds., The Study of the Ancient Near East in Twenty-First Century. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 339–84.Google Scholar
Barth, F. (1969). Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. Boston: Little, Brown.Google Scholar
Becker, M. (2016). Female Influence, aside from that of the God’s Wives of Amun, during the Third Intermediate Period. In Becker, M., Blöbaum, A. I. & Lohwasser, A., eds., ‘Prayer and Power’: Proceedings of the Conference on the God’s Wives of Amun in Egypt during the First Millennium BC. Ägypten und Altes Testament 84. Münster: Ugarit Verlag, pp. 2146.Google Scholar
Bentley, G. C. (1987). Ethnicity and Practice. Comparative Studies in Society and History 29, 2455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bestock, L. (2018). Violence and Power in Ancient Egypt: Image and Ideology before the New Kingdom. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bhabha, H. (1992). The World and the Home. Social Text 31/32, Third World and Post-Colonial Issues, 141–53,Google Scholar
Bhabha, H. (1994). The Location of Culture. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. (1966). Ausgrabungen in Sayala-Nubien 1961–1965: Denkmäler der C-Gruppe und der Pan-Gräber-Kultur. Denkschriften der philosophisch-historischen Klasse 92. Wien: Verlag des Österreichischen Archäologischen Institutes.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. (1996). Avaris-The Capital of the Hyksos: Recent Excavations at Tell el-Dabca. London: The Trustees of British Museum.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. (2016). The Egyptian Community in Avaris during the Hyksos Period. Ägypten und Levante XXVI, 263–74.Google Scholar
Bietak, M. (2018). The Many Ethnicities of Avaris: Evidence from Northern Borderland of Egypt. In J. Budka and J. Auenmüller, eds., From Microcosm to Macrocosm: Individual households and cities in Ancient Egypt and Nubia. Leiden: Sidestone Press, pp. 7392.Google Scholar
Bietak, M., Dorner, J., & Jánosi, P. (2001) Ausgrabungen in dem Palastbezirk von Avaris. Vorbericht Tell el-Dabca/cEzbet Helmi 1993–2000. Ägypten und Levante XXI, 27119.Google Scholar
Bietak, M., Forstner-Müller, I., & Mlinar, C. (2001). The Beginning of the Hyksos Period at Tell el-Dabca: A Subtle Change in Material Culture. In Fischer, P. M., ed., Contributions to the Archaeology and History of the Bronze and Iron Ages in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies in honour of Paul Åström. Wien: Österreichisches Archäologisches Institut, pp. 171–81.Google Scholar
Binder, M. (2019). The Role of Physical Anthropology in Nubian Archaeology. In Raue, D., ed., Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Vol. 1. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 103–27.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The Logic of Practice. Trans. R. Nice. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Brass, P. (1993). Elite competition and the Origins of Ethnic Nationalism In Berameni, J. G. et al., eds., Nationalism in Europe. Past and present. Santiago de Compostela: University of Santiago de Compostela, pp. 111–26.Google Scholar
Breasted, J. H. (1935). Ancient Times. A History of the Early World: An Introduction to the Study of Ancient History and the Career of Early Man. Revised 2nd Edition. Boston: Ginn and Company.Google Scholar
Bresciani, E. (1997). Foreigners. In Donadoni, S., ed., The Egyptians. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 221–54.Google Scholar
Budka, J. (2012). Individuen, indigene Gruppe oder integrierter Teil der ägyptischen Gesellschaft? Zur soziologischen Aussagekraft materieller Hinterlassenschaften von Kuschiten im spätzeitlichen Ägypten. In Neunert, G., Gabler, K. & Verbovsek, A., eds., Sozialisationen: Individuum-Gruppe-Gesellschaft. Beiträge der ersten Münchner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (MAJA 1). Göttinger Orientforschungen Ägypten 51. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 4560.Google Scholar
Budka, J. (2019). Nubians in the 1st Millennium BC in Egypt. In Raue, D., ed., Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 697712.Google Scholar
Burmeister, S. (2013). Die Sicherung der ethnischen Ordnung: Das Wandbild eines eigenartigen nubischen Streitwagens im Grab des Huy, Vizekönig von Kusch (Neues Reich). Journal of Egyptian History 6, 131–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buzon, M. R. (2006). Biological and Ethnic Identity in New Kingdom Nubia: A Case Study from Tombos. Current Anthropology 47(4), 683–95.Google Scholar
Buzon, M. R. (2008). A Bioarchaeological Perspective on Egyptian Colonialism in Nubia during the New Kingdom. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 94, 165–81.Google Scholar
Buzon, M. R., Simonetti, A., & Creaser, R. A. (2007). Migration in the Nile Valley during the New Kingdom Period: A Preliminary Strontium Isotope Study. Journal of Archaeological Science 34, 1391–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buzon, M. R., & Simonetti, A. (2013). Strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr) variability in the Nile Valley: Identifying residential mobility during ancient Egyptian and Nubian sociopolitical changes in the New Kingdom and Napatan periods. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 151(1), 19.Google Scholar
Candelora, D. (2018). Entangled in Orientalism: How the Hyksos Became a Race. Journal of Egyptian History 11, 4572.Google Scholar
Challis, D. (2013). The Archaeology of Race: The Eugenic Ideas of Francis Galton and Flinders Petrie. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Challis, D. (2016). Skull Triangles: Flinders Petrie, Race Theory and Biometrics. Bulletin of the History of Archaeology 26(1.5), 18.Google Scholar
Chantrain, G. (2019). About Egyptianity and Foreigness in Egyptian Texts: A Context-Sensitive Lexical Study. In Mynářová, J., Kilani, M. & Alivernini, S. eds., A Stranger in the House: the Crossroads III. Proceedings of an International Conference on Foreigners in Ancient Egzptian and Near Eastern Societies of the Bronze Age held in Prague, September 10–13, 2018. Prague: Charles University, pp. 4972.Google Scholar
Childe, V. G. (1929). The Danube in Prehistory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Chrisomalis, S., & Trigger, B. (2003). Reconstructing Prehistoric Ethnicity: Problems and Possibilities. In Wright, J. V. & Pilon, J-L eds., A Passion for the Past: Papers in Honour of James F. Pendergast. Archaeological Survey of Canada Mercury Series Paper 164. Gatineau, QB: Canadian Museum of Civilization, pp. 121.Google Scholar
Cohen, S. (2015). Interpretative Uses and Abuses of the Beni Hasan Tomb Painting. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 74(1), 1938.Google Scholar
Cole, E. M. (2015). Foreign Influence in the Late New Kingdom and Third Intermediate Period. In Pinarello, M., Yoo, J., Lundock, J. & Walsh, C., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2014. Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Symposium, University College London & King’s College London 2014. Ancient Egypt in a Global World. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 113–20.Google Scholar
Cooney, W. A. (2011). Egypt’s Encounter with the West: Race, Culture and Identity. In Corbelli, J., Boatright, D. & Malleson, C., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2009. Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Symposium University of Liverpool 2009. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 4352.Google Scholar
Cooper, J. (2018). Kushites Expressing ‘Egyptian’ Kingship: Nubian Dynasties in Hieroglyphic Texts and a Phantom Kushite King. Ägypten und Levante XXVIII, 143–67.Google Scholar
Cornell, P. (2004). Social identity, the Body and Power. In Fahlander, F. & Oestigaard, T., eds., Material Culture and Other Things: Post-Disciplinary Studies in the 21st Century. Gothenburg: Elanders Gotab, pp. 5792.Google Scholar
Cornell, P., & Fahlander, F. (2007). Encounters-Materials-Confrontation: An Introduction. In Cornell, P. & Fahlander, F. eds., Encounters-Materials-Confrontation. Archaeologies of Social Space and Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Press, pp. 114.Google Scholar
Cruz, D. M. (2011). ‘Pots Are Pots, Not People:’ Material Culture and Ethnic Identity in the Banda Area (Ghana), Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 46(3), 336–57.Google Scholar
Curta, F. (2014). Ethnic Identity and Archaeology. In Smith, C. ed., Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. Springer, New York, pp. 2507–14.Google Scholar
Darnell, J. C., & Manassa, C. (2007). Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest During Ancient Egypt’s Late Eighteenth Dynasty. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Davies, N. de Garis. (1922). The Tomb of Puyemre at Thebes. Volume I: The Hall of Memories. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Arts.Google Scholar
Davies, N. de Garis. (1943). The Tomb of Rekh-mir-rēĕ at Thebes. Volume II. Publications of the Metropolitan Museum of Art Egyptian Expedition XI. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Derry, D. E. (1956). The Dynastic Race in Egypt. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 42, 80–5.Google Scholar
Di Biase-Dyson, C. (2013). Foreigners and Egyptians in the Late Egyptian Stories. Linguistic, Literary and Historical Perspectives. Probleme der Ägyptologie 32. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Eisenmann, S., et al. (2018). Reconciling Material Cultures in Archaeology with Genetic Data: The Nomenclature of Clusters Emerging from Archaeogenomic Analysis. Nature. Scientific Reports 2018(8), 13003.Google Scholar
Emanuel, J. (2013). ‘Šrdn from the Sea’: The Arrival, Integration, and Acculturation of a ‘Sea People’. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 5(1), 1427.Google Scholar
Emery, W. B. (1965). Egypt in Nubia. London: Hutchinson of London.Google Scholar
Espinel, A. D. (2006). Ethnicidad y territorio en el Egipto del Reino Antiguo. Studia Aegyptiaca. Barcelona: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Servei de Publicacions.Google Scholar
Feldman, M. H. (2006). Diplomacy by Design. Luxury Arts and an ‘International Style’ in the Ancient Near East, 1400–1200 BCE. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, M. M. J. (1986). Ethnicity and the Post-modern Arts of Memory. In Clifford, J. & Marcus, G. E. eds., Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 194233.Google Scholar
Fischer-Bovet, Ch. (2018). Official Identity and Ethnicity: Comparing Ptolemaic and Early Roman Egypt. Journal of Egyptian History 11(1–2), 208–42.Google Scholar
Forstner-Müller, I., & Müller, W. (2006). Die Entstehung des Hyksosstaates. Versuch einer sozioarchäologischen Modellbildung anhand der materiellen Kultur Tell el-Dab’as. In Czerny, E. et al., ed., Timelines. Studies in Honour of Manfred Bietak. Volume I. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 149. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 93102.Google Scholar
Foster, H. J. (1974). The Ethnicity of the Ancient Egyptians. Journal of Black Studies 5(2), 175–91.Google Scholar
Gliddon, G. R. (1843). Ancient Egypt. 10th ed. Revised and corrected. New York: W.M. Taylor & Co. Publishers.Google Scholar
Gordon, A. (2001). Foreigners. In Redford, D. B., ed., The Oxford Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egypt. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 544–8.Google Scholar
Goudriaan, K. (1988). Ethnicity in Ptolemaic Egypt. Dutch Monographs on Ancient History and Archaeology V. Amsterdam: J. C. Gieben.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gould, S. J. (1996). The Mismeasure of Man. Revised and expanded. New York/London: W.W. Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Gundacker, R. (2017). The Significance of Foreign Toponyms and Ethnonyms in Old Kingdom Text Sources. In Höflmayer, F., ed., The Late Third Millennium in the Ancient Near East. Chronology, C14, and Climate Change. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars 11. Chicago: The University of Chicago, pp. 333428.Google Scholar
Hall, T. (2014). Ethnicity and World-Systems Analysis. In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Berkeley: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 5065.Google Scholar
Hallmann, S. (2006). Die Tributszenen des Neuen Reiches. Ägypten und Altes Testament 66. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Hakenbeck, S. E. (2019). Genetics, Archaeology and the Far Right: An Unholy Trinity. World Archaeology 51, 517–27.Google Scholar
Haring, B. J. (2005). Occupation: Foreigner. Ethnic Difference and Integration in Pharaonic Egypt. In van Soldt, W. H., ed., Ethnicity in Ancient Mesopotamia. Papers Read at the 48th Recontre Assyriologique Internationale, Leiden, 1–4 July 2002. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten, pp. 162–72.Google Scholar
Harvey, S. P. (1998). The Cults of King Ahmose at Abydos. Doctoral dissertation. University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Hawkins, S. (2012). ‘If Only I Could Accompany Him, This Excellent Marshman!’: An Analysis of the Marshman (sXty) in Ancient Egyptian Literature. In Graves, C., Heffernan, G., McGarrity, L., Millward, E., & Bealby, M. S., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2012. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium University of Birmingham 2012. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 8493.Google Scholar
Heath, J. (2005). The Talking Greeks: Speech, Animals, and the Other in Homer, Aeschylus, and Plato. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Helck, W. (1977a). Fremde in Ägypten. In Helck, W. & Eberhard, O., eds., Lexikon der Ägyptologie II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 306–10.Google Scholar
Helck, W. (1977b). Fremdvölkerdarstellung. In Helck, W. & Eberhard, O., eds., Lexikon der Ägyptologie II, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, pp. 316–21.Google Scholar
Hinson, B. (2014). Sinuhe’s Life Abroad: Ethnoarchaeological and Philological Reconsiderations. In Accetta, K. et al., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2013. Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual Symposium. University of Cambridge, United Kingdom March 19 –22, 2013. Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, pp. 8193.Google Scholar
Hodder, I. (1982). Symbols in Action: Ethnoarchaeological studies of material culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Höflmayer, F. (2018). An Early Date for Khyan and Its Implications for Eastern Mediterranean Chronologies. In Forstner-Müller, I. & Moeller, N., eds., The Hyksos Ruler Khyan and the Early Second Intermediate Period in Egypt: Problems and Priorities of Current Research. Proceedings of the Workshop of the Austrian Archaeological Institute and the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, Vienna, July 4 – 5, 2014. Wien: Holzhausen, 143–71.Google Scholar
Hu, D. (2013). Approaches to the Archaeology of Ethnogenesis: Past and Emergent Perspectives. Journal of Archaeological Research 21, 371402.Google Scholar
Hubschmann, C. (2010). Searching for the ‘Archaeologically Invisible’: Libyans in Dakhleh Oasis in the Third Intermediate Period. Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 46, 173–87.Google Scholar
Hutcheon, L., et al. (1998). Four Views on Ethnicity. PMLA 113(1). Special Topic: Ethnicity, 2851.Google Scholar
Isaac, B. (2004). The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity. Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Jenkins, R. (2008). Rethinking Ethnicity. 2nd ed. Los Angeles: SAGE Publishing.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. H. (1999). Ethnic Considerations in Persian Period Egypt. In Teeter, E. & Larson, J. A., eds., Gold of Praise. Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of Edward F. Wente. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 58. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, pp. 211–22.Google Scholar
Jones, S. (1997). The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing Identities in the Past and Present. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kammerzell, F. (1993). Studien zu Sprache und Geschichte der Karer in Ägypten. Göttinger Oreintforschungen 27. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Keith, A. (1906). Were the Ancient Egyptians a Dual Race? Man 6, 35.Google Scholar
Kemp, B. J. (2018). Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 3rd ed. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kilani, M. (2015). Between Geographical Imaginary and Geographical Reality: Byblos and the Limits of the World in the 18th Dynasty. In Belekdanian, A., Alvarez, Ch, Klein, S., & Gill, A-K, eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2015. Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Symposium. University of Oxford 2015. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp.7487.Google Scholar
Köhler, Ch. (2002). History or Ideology? New Reflections on the Narmer Palette and the Nature of Foreign Relations in Pre- and Early Dynastic Egypt. In van den Brink, E. C. M. & Levy, Th. E., eds., Egypt and the Levant. Interrelations from the 4th through the Early 3rd Millennium B.C.E. London & New York: Leicester University Press, pp. 499513.Google Scholar
Kristiansen, K. (2014). Towards a New Paradigm? The Third Science Revolution and its Possible Consequences in Archaeology. Current Swedish Archaeology 22, 1134.Google Scholar
Lakomy, K. (2016). ‘Der Löwe auf dem Schlachtfeld’ Das Grab KV 36 und die Bestattung des Maiherperi im Tal der Könige. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag.Google Scholar
Lemos, R. (2020). Material Culture and Colonization in Ancient Nubia: Evidence from the New Kingdom Cemeteries. In Smith, C., ed., Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology. New York: Springer, pp. 125.Google Scholar
Lichtheim, M. (1976). Ancient Egyptian Literature. Vol. II: New Kingdom. Berkeley: UCLA Press.Google Scholar
Lilyquist, C. (2003). The Tomb of Three Foreign Wives of Thutmose III. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.Google Scholar
Liszka, K. (2010). ‘Medjay’ (no. 188) in the Onomasticon of Amenemope. In Hawass, Z. & Wegner, J. H., eds., Millions of Jubilees Studies in Honor of David P. Silverman. Volume 1. Le Caire: Conseil Suprême Des Antiquités De L’Égyptie, pp. 315–31.Google Scholar
Liszka, K. (2011). ‘We Have Come from the Well of Ibhet’: Ethnogenesis of the Medjay. Journal of Egyptian History 4, 149–71.Google Scholar
Liszka, K. (2015). Are the Bearers of Pan-Grave Archaeological Culture Identical to Medjay-People in the Egyptian Textual Record? Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 7(2), 4260.Google Scholar
Liszka, K. (2017). Egyptian or Nubian? Dry-Stone Architecture at Wadi el-Hudi, Wadi es-Sebua, and the Eastern Desert. The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 103, 3551.Google Scholar
Liszka, K. (2018). Discerning Ancient Identity: The Case of Aashyet’s Sarcophagus (JE 47267). Journal of Egyptian History 11, 185207.Google Scholar
Loprieno, A. (1988). Topos und Mimesis. Zum Ausländer in der ägyptischen Literatur. Ägyptologische Abhandlungen 48. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Lucy, S. (2005). Ethnic and Cultural Identities. In Díaz-Andreu, M., Lucy, S., Babić, S. and Edwards, D. N., eds., The Archaeology of Identity: Approaches to Gender, Age, Status, Ethnicity and Religion. London and New York: Routledge, 86109.Google Scholar
Maaranen, N., Zakrzewski, S., & Schutkowski, H. (2019). Hyksos in Egypt-utilising biodistance methods to interoret archaeological and textual evidence from Tell el-Dabca. American Association of Physical Anthropologists Conference March 2019, poster presentation.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2014a). ‘Nubian’ Archers in Avaris: A Study of Culture-Historical Reasoning in Archaeology of Egypt. Etnoantropološki problemi (Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology) 9(3), 697721.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2014b). ‘Minoans’, kftjw and the ‘Islands in the Middle of wAD wr’: Beyond Ethnicity. Ägypten und Levante XXIV, 277–94.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2017). Der ‘dritte Raum’, Hybridität und das Niltal: Das epistemologische Potenzial der postkolonialen Theorie in der Ägyptologie. In Beck, S., Backes, B., & Verbovsek, A., eds., Interkulturalität: Kontakt – Konflikt – Konzeptionalisierung, Beiträge des sechsten Berliner Arbeitskreis Junge Ägyptologie (BAJA 6) 13. 11.-15.11.2015. Göttinger Orientforschung 63. Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz, pp. 93112.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2018a). De-colonizing Historiography and Archaeology of Ancient Egypt and Nubia Part 1: Scientific Racism. Journal of Egyptian History 11(1–2), 1944.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2018b). ‘Execration’ of Nubians in Avaris: A case of mistaken ethnic identity and hidden archaeological theory. Journal of Egyptian History 11(1–2), 87112.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2019). Body and Frames of War in New Kingdom Egypt: Violent Treatment of Enemies and Prisoners. Philippika 134. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.Google Scholar
Matić, U. (2020). Violence and Gender in Ancient Egypt. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
McInerney, J. (2014). Ethnicity: An Introduction. In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Berkeley: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 116.Google Scholar
Meskell, L. (1999). Archaeologies of Social Life: Age, Sex, Class Etcetera in Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Michaux-Colombot, D. (1994). The MDAY.W not Policemen but an Ethnic Group from the Eastern Desert. In Bonnet, C., ed., Études Nubiennes. Conférence de Genève. Actes du VIIe Congres international d’études nubiennes 3–8 septembre 1990. Volume II. Communications. Geneva: Société d’études nubiennes, pp. 2936.Google Scholar
Michaux-Colombot, D. (2004). Geographical Enigmas related to Nubia. Medja, Punt, Meluhha and Magan. In Kendall, T., ed., Nubian Studies 1998. Proceedings of the Ninth Conference of the International Society of Nubian Studies. August 21 –26, 1998. Boston, Massachusetts. Boston: Departement of African-American Studies, Northeastern University, pp. 353–63.Google Scholar
Michaux-Colombot, D. (2010). Identification of Meluhha Officers and Women with High Ranked Ramesside Medjay. In Kormysheva, E., ed., Cultural Heritage of Egypt and Christian Orient. Proceedings of the Cairo Conference 29 Oct-3 Nov 2008, Institute of Oriental Studies RAS, Golenishev Egyptological Center. Vol. 5. Moscow: Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, pp. 165–90.Google Scholar
Michaux-Colombot, D. (2014). Pitfall Concepts in the Round of ‘Nubia’: Ta-sety, Nehesy, Medja, Maga and Punt Revisited. Anderson, I J. R. & Welsby, D. A., eds., The Fourth Cataract and Beyond: Proceedings of the 12th International Conference for Nubian Studies. British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan 1. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 507–22.Google Scholar
Moers, G. (2001). Fingierte Welten in der ägyptischen Literatur des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. Grenzüberschreitung, Reisemotiv und Fiktionalität. Probleme der Ägyptologie 19. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Moers, G. (2005). Auch der Feind war nur ein Mensch: Kursorisches zu einer Teilansicht pharaonischer Selbst- und Fremdwahrnehmungsoperationen. In Felber, H., ed., Feinde und Aufrührer. Konzepte von Gegnerschaft in ägyptischen Texten besonders des Mittleren Reiches. Abhandlungen der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig 78,5. Stuttgart/Leipzig: Verlag der Sächsischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, pp. 223282.Google Scholar
Moers, G. (2016). ‘Egyptian Identity’? Unlikely, and Never Rational. In Amstutz, H. et al. eds., Fuzzy Boundaries: Festschrift für Antonio Loprieno II. Hamburg: Widmaier Verlag, pp. 693704.Google Scholar
Moreno García, J. C. M. (2018). Ethnicity in Ancient Egypt: An Introduction to Key Issues. Journal of Egyptian History 11(1–2), 117.Google Scholar
Morton, S. G. (1844). Crania Aegyptiaca or Observations on Egyptian Ethnography derived from Anatomy, History and the Monuments. London: Madden & Co.Google Scholar
Morris, E. (2018). Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. Hoboken: Wiley BlackwellGoogle Scholar
Mourad, A-L. (2015). Rise of the Hyksos: Egypt and the Levant from the Middle Kingdom to the Early Second Intermediate Period. Archaeopress Egyptology 11. Oxford: Archaeopress.Google Scholar
Mourad, A-L. (2017). Asiatic and Levantine(-Influenced) Products in Nubia: Evidence from the Middle Kingdom to the Early Second Intermediate Period. Ägypten und Levante XXVII, 381401.Google Scholar
Niklasson, E. (2014). Shutting the Stable Door after the Horse has Bolted: Critical Thinking and the Third Science Revolution. Current Swedish Archaeology 22, 5763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Normark, J. (2004). Discountinous Maya Identities-Culture and Ethnicity in Mayanist Discourse. In Fahlander, F. & Oestigaard, T., eds., Material Culture and Other Things: Post-Disciplinary Studies in the 21st Century. Gothenburg: Elanders Gotab, pp. 109–60.Google Scholar
Nott, J. C., & Gliddon, G. R. (1854). Types of Mankind or Ethnological Researches based upon the Ancient Monuments, Paintings, Sculptures, and Crania of Races. London: Trübner & Co.Google Scholar
Obłuski, A. (2013). Dodekaschoinos in Late Antiquity. Ethnic Blemmyes vs. Political Blemmyes and the Arrival of Nobades. Der Antike Sudan. Mitteilungen der Sudanarchäologischen Geselschaft zu Berlin e.V 24: 141–7.Google Scholar
Olsen, R. (2013). The Medjay Leaders of the New Kingdom. In Graves, C. et al., eds., Current Research in Egyptology 2012. Proceedings of the Thirteenth Annual Symposium University of Birmingham 2012. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 145–56.Google Scholar
Pappa, E. (2013). Post-Colonial Baggage at the End of the Road: How to Put the Genie Back into Its Bottle and Where to Go from There. In van Pelt, W. P., ed., Archaeology and Cultural Mixture. Archaeological Review from Cambrdige 28.1. Cambridge: Archaeological Review from Cambridge, pp. 2849.Google Scholar
Pemler, D. (2018). Looking at Nubians in Egypt: Nubian Women in New Kingdom Tomb and Temple Scenes and the Case of TT 40 (Amenemhet Huy). Dotawo 5, 2561.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. (1887). Racial Photographs from the Egyptian Monuments. London: R.C. Murray.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F. (1901). The Races of Early Egypt. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland 31, 248–55.Google Scholar
Petrie, W. M. F., & Quibell, J. E. (1896). Naqada and Ballas. 1895. London: Bernard Quaritch.Google Scholar
Polz, D. (1998). Theben und Avaris: Zur ‘Vertreibung’ der Hyksos. In Guksch, H. & Polz, D., Hrsgg, eds., Stationen: Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Ägyptens. Rainer Stadelmann gewidmet. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, 219–31.Google Scholar
Quack, J. F. (1996). kft3w und i3śy. Ägypten und Levante VI, 7581.Google Scholar
Quack, J. F. (2016). Von der schematischen Charakteristik bis zur ausgefeilten Ethnographie. Der Blick auf die Fremden durch die Alten Ägypter. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 166(2), 289316.Google Scholar
Raue, D. (2019a). Cultural Diversity of Nubia in the Later 3rd–Mid 2nd Millennium BC. In Raue, D., ed., Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Vol. I. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 293334.Google Scholar
Raue, D. (2019b). Nubians in Egypt in the 3rd and 2nd Millennium BC. In Raue, D., ed., Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Vol. I. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 567–88.Google Scholar
Rebay-Salisbury, K. C. (2011). Thoughts in Circles: Kulturkreislehre as a Hidden Paradigm in Past and Present Archaeological Interpretations. In Roberts, B. W. & Linden, M. V., eds., Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability and Transmission. New York: Springer, pp. 4160.Google Scholar
Redford, D. (2004). From Slave to Pharaoh: The Black Experience of Ancient Egypt. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Redmount, C. A. (1995). Ethnicity, Pottery, and the Hyksos at Tell El-Maskhuta in the Egyptian Delta. The Biblical Archaeologist 58(4), 182–90.Google Scholar
Rehak, P. (1998). Aegean Natives in Theban Tomb Paintings: The Keftiu Revisited. In Cline, E. H. & Cline, D. H., eds., The Aegean and the Orient in the Second Millennium. Proceedings of the 50th Anniversary Symposium, Cincinnati, 18–20 April 1997. Aegaeum 18. Liège: Université de Liège, pp. 3950.Google Scholar
Reisner, G. A. (1910). The Archaeological Survey of Nubia: Report for 1907–1908 I. Archaeological Report. Cairo: National Printing Department.Google Scholar
Reisner, G. A. (1923). Excavations at Kerma I–III. Harvard African Studies 5. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of Harvard University.Google Scholar
Retzmann, A. et al. (2019). The New Kingdom Population on Sai Island: Application of Sr Isotopes to Investigate Cultural Entanglement in Ancient Nubia. Ägypten und Levante XXIX, 355–80.Google Scholar
Riggs, C. (2005). The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt: Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Riggs, C., & Baines, J. (2012). Ethnicity. In Frood, E. & Wendrich, W., eds., UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology, Los Angeles, pp. 1–16.Google Scholar
Rilly, C. (2019). Languages of Ancient Nubia. In Raue, D., ed., Handbook of Ancient Nubia. Vol. I. Berlin: De Gruyter, pp. 129–54.Google Scholar
Roberts, B. W., & Vander Linden, M. 2011. Investigating Archaeological Cultures: Material Culture, Variability, and Transmission. In Roberts, B. W. & Linden, M. V., eds., Investigating Archaeological Cultures. Material Culture, Variability and Transmission. New York: Springer, pp. 122.Google Scholar
Roberts, R. G. (2013). Hyksos Self-Presentation and ‘Culture’. In Frood, E. & McDonald, A., eds., Decorum and Experience: Essays in Ancient Culture for John Baines. Oxford: Griffith Institute, pp. 285–90.Google Scholar
Roth, A. M. (1998). Ancient Egypt in America: Claiming the riches. In Meskell, L., ed., Archaeology under Fire: Nationalism, Politics and Heritage in Eastern Mediterranean. London & New York: Routledge, pp. 217–29.Google Scholar
Roth, A. M. (2015). Representing the Other: Non-Egyptians in Pharaonic Iconography. In Hartwig, M. K., ed., A Companion to Ancient Egyptian Art. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, 155–74.Google Scholar
Rowlandson, J. (2013). Dissing Thee Egyptians: Legal, Ethnic and Cultural Identities in Roman Egypt. In A. Gardner, E. Herring and K. Lomas, eds., Creating Ethnicities & Identities in the Roman World. London: Institute of Classical Studies, School of Advanced Study, University of London, pp. 213–47.Google Scholar
Safronov, A. (2017). Включало ли в себя египетское обозначение Сечет Эгеиду? [Did the Egyptian place-name Sṯ.t include designation of Aegean regions?] In N. N. Kazansky, ed., Indo-European Linguistics and Classical Philology 21. Proceedings of the 21st Conference in Memory of Professor Joseph M. Tronsky. June 26–28, 2017. St Petersburg: Nauka, pp. 748–57.Google Scholar
Said, E. (1978). Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books.Google Scholar
Saini, A. (2019). Superior: The Return of Race Science. London: 4th Estate.Google Scholar
Saretta, Ph. (2016). Asiatics in Middle Kingdom Egypt: Peceptions and Reality. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Säve-Söderbergh, T. (1941). Ägypten und Nubien, ein Beitrag zur Geschichte altägyptischer Aussenpolitik. Lund: Håkan Ohlssons Boktryckeri.Google Scholar
Säve-Söderbergh, T., ed. (1987). Temples and Tombs of Ancient Nubia: The International Rescue Campaign at Abu Simbel, Philae and Other Sites. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Schneider, T. (1998). Ausländer in Ägypten während des Mittleren Reiches und der Hyksoszeit. Teil 1: Die ausländischen Könige. Ägypten und Altes Testament. Studien zu Geschichte, Kultur und Religion Ägyptens und des Alten Testaments 42. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag.Google Scholar
Schneider, T. (2003). Foreign Egypt: Egyptology and the Concept of Cultural Appropriation. Ägypten und Levante XIII, 155161.Google Scholar
Schneider, T. (2010). Foreigners in Egypt: Archaeological Evidence and Cultural Context. In Wendrich, W., ed., Egyptian Archaeology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 143–63.Google Scholar
Schneider, T. (2018). Ethnic Identities in Ancient Egypt and the Identity of Egyptology: Towards a ‘Trans-Egyptology’. Journal of Egyptian History 11(1–2), 243–6.Google Scholar
Schreg, R., et al. (2013). Habitus: ein soziologisches Konzept in der Archäologie. Archäologische Informationen 36, 101–12.Google Scholar
Schuenemann, V. J., et al. (2017). Ancient Egyptian Mummy Genomes Suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in post-Roman periods. Nature Communications 8.Google Scholar
Shaw, I. (2000). Egypt and the Outside World. In Shaw, I., ed., Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 308–23.Google Scholar
Shaw, I., & Nicholson, P. (1995). The British Museum Dictionary of Ancient Egypt. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press.Google Scholar
Sherratt, S. (2005). ‘Ethnicities’, ‘ethnonyms’ and archaeological labels. Whose ideologies and whose identities? In Clarke, J., ed., Archaeological Perspectives on the Transmission and Transformation of Culture in the Eastern Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 2538.Google Scholar
Siapkas, J. (2014). Ancient Ethnicity and Modern Identity. In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Berkeley: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 6681.Google Scholar
Simpson, W. K. (1963). Heka-nefer and the Dynastic Material from Toshka and Arminna. Publications of the Pennsylvania-Yale Expedition to Egypt 1. New Haven: Peabody Museum.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (1991). A Model for Egyptian Imperialism in Nubia. Göttinger Miszellen 122, 77102.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2003a). Pharaohs, Feasts and Foreigners: Cooking, Foodways and Agency on Ancient Egypt’s Southern Frontier. In Bray, T. L., ed., The Archaeology and Politics of Food and Feasting in Early States and Empires. New York: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 3964.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2003b). Wretched Kush: Ethnic Identities and Boundaries in Egypt’s Nubian Empire. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2007). Ethnicity and Culture. In Wilkinson, T., ed., The Egyptian World. London & New York: Routledge, pp. 218–41.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2014). Nubian and Egyptian Ethnicity, In McInerney, J., ed., A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean. Berkeley: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 194212.Google Scholar
Smith, S. T. (2018). Ethnicity: Constructions of Self and Other in Ancient Egypt. Journal of Egyptian History 11, 113–46.Google Scholar
Snape, S. (2003). The Emergence of Libya on the Horizon of Egypt. In O’Connor, D. & Quirke, S., eds., Mysterious Lands: Encounters with Ancient Egypt. London: University College of London Press, pp. 93106.Google Scholar
Sollors, W. (1989). The Invention of Ethnicity. New York: Oxford.Google Scholar
Sommer, U., & Gramsch, A. (2011). German Archaeology in Context: An Introduction to History and Present of Central European Archaeology. In Sommer, U. & Gramsch, A., eds., A History of Central European Archaeology. Theory, Method, and Politics. Budapest: Archaeolingua, pp. 739.Google Scholar
de Souza, A. (2013). The Egyptianisation of the Pan-Grave Culture: A New Look at an Old Idea. The Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 24, 109–26.Google Scholar
de Souza, A. (2019). New Horizons: The Pan-Grave ceramic tradition in context. Middle Kingdom Studies 9. London: Golden House Publications.Google Scholar
Sparks, R. (2004). Canaan in Egypt: Archaeological Evidence for a Social Phenomenon. In Bourriau, J. & Phillips, J., eds., Invention and Innovation: The Social Context of Technological Change 2, Egypt, the Aegean and the Near East, 1650–1150. Oxford: Oxbow Books, pp. 2756.Google Scholar
Spencer, N., Stevens, A., & Binder, M. (2017). Introduction: History and Historiography of a Colonial Entanglement, and the Shaping of New Archaeologies for Nubia in the New Kingdom. In Spencer, N., Stevens, A., & Binder, M., eds., Nubia in the New Kingdom: Lived Experience, Pharaonic Control and Indigenous Traditions. British Museum Publications on Egypt & Sudan 3. Leuven: Peeters, pp. 164.Google Scholar
Spivak, G. Ch. (1988). Can the Subaltern Speak? In Nelson, C. & Lawrence, G., ed., Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, pp. 271313.Google Scholar
Stantis, Ch. et al. (2020). Who Were the Hyksos? Challenging Traditional Narratives Using Strontium Isotope (87Sr/86Sr) Analysis of Human Remains from Ancient Egypt. Plos One 15(7): e0235414. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235414Google Scholar
Steel, L. (2018). Shifting Relations in Bronze Age Gaza: An Investigation into Egyptianizing Practices and Cultural Hybridity in the Southern Levant during the Late Bronze Age. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 20, 1530.Google Scholar
Stockhammer, P. W. (2012). Entangled Pottery: Phenomena of Appropriation in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean. In Maran, J. & Stockhammer, P. W., eds,. Materiality and Social Practice. Transformative Capacities of Intercultural Encounters. Oxford: Oxbow, pp. 89103.Google Scholar
Stockhammer, P. W. (2013). From Hybridity to Entanglement, From Essentialism to Practice. In van Pelt, W. P., ed., Archaeology and Cultural Mixture. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 28.1. Cambridge: Archaeological Review from Cambridge, pp. 1128.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. (2004). Archaeology and Modernity. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Trigger, B. G. (1976). Nubia under the Pharaohs. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Trigger, B. G. (2008). A History of Archaeological Thought. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Van Pelt, W. P. (2013). Revising Egypto-Nubian Relations in New Kingdom Lower Nubia: From Egyptianization to Cultural Entanglement. Cambridge Archaeological Journal 23(3), 523550.Google Scholar
Van Valkenburgh, P. (2013). Hybridity, Creolization, Mestizaje: A Comment. In van Pelt, W. P., ed., Archaeology and Cultural Mixing. Archaeological Review from Cambridge 28.1. Cambridge: Archaeological Review from Cambridge, pp. 301–22.Google Scholar
Verbovsek, A., Backes, B., & Jones, C. eds. (2011) Methodik und Didaktik in der Ägyptologie: Herausforderungen eines kulturwissenschaftlichen Paradigmenwechsels in den Altertumswissenschaften. Ägyptologie und Kulturwissenschaft 4. München: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.Google Scholar
Vittmann, G. (2003). Ägypten und die Fremden im ersten vorchristlichen Jahrtausend. Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.Google Scholar
Voss, B. L. (2008). The Archaeology of Ethnogenesis. Race and Sexuality in Colonial San Francisco. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Walsh, C. (2018). Kerma Ceramics, Commensality Practices, and Sensory Experiences in Egypt during the Late Middle Bronze Age. Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 20, 3151.Google Scholar
Weiner, S. (2010). Microarchaeology: Beyond the Visible Archaeological Record. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Wendrich, W., ed. (2010). Egyptian Archaeology. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Williams, F. E., Belcher, R. L., & Armelagos, G. J. (2005). Forensic Misclassification of Ancient Nubian Crania: Implications for Assumptions about Human Variation. Current Anthropology 46(2), 340–6.Google Scholar
Wilson, J. A. (1969). Egyptian Hymns and Prayers. In Pritchard, J. B., ed., Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton: Princeton University Press, pp. 365–81.Google Scholar
Winnicki, J. K. (1992). Demotische Stelen aus Terenuthis. In J. Johnson, ed., Life in a Multi-Cultural Society: Egypt from Cambyses to Constantine and Beyond. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 51. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, pp. 351–60.Google Scholar
de Wit, T. (2015). Enemies of the State;: Preceptions of ‘Otherness’ and State Formation in Egypt. In Kousoulis, P. & Lazaridis, N., eds., Proceedings of the Tenth International Congress of Egyptologists, University of the Aegean, Rhodes, 22–29 May 2008. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta 241. Leuven: Peeters, 649–67.Google Scholar
Woodward, J., et al. (2015). Shifting Sediment Sources in the World’s Longest River: A Strontium Isotope Record for the Holocene Nile. Quarternary Science Reviews 130, 124–40.Google Scholar
Zakrzewski, S., Shortland, A., & Rowland, J. (2016). Science in the Study of Ancient Egypt. London & New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Zibelius-Chen, K. (2007). Die Medja in altägyptischen Quellen. Studien zur Altägyptischen Kultur 36, 391405.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs
  • Uroš Matić, Austrian Archaeological Institute
  • Online ISBN: 9781108885577
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs
  • Uroš Matić, Austrian Archaeological Institute
  • Online ISBN: 9781108885577
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Ethnic Identities in the Land of the Pharaohs
  • Uroš Matić, Austrian Archaeological Institute
  • Online ISBN: 9781108885577
Available formats
×