Perceptions of Crime and Fear of Victimisation Among Elderly People

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²⁰ Mawby, R. I. 1982, op. cit.

²¹ Hough, M. and Mayhew, P. 1983, op. cit., 25.

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²³ Of the 145 respondents in the survey by Clarke, and Lewis, , 1982, op. cit. 19 (13.1 per cent) reported a previous victimisation experience.

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³⁶ Clarke, A. H. and Lewis, M. J. 1982, op. cit., 56.

³⁷ Antunes, G. E. et al. 1977, op. cit.

³⁸ Hough, M. and Mayhew, P. 1983, op. cit., 24.

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⁴¹ Lawton, M. P. and Yaffe, S. 1980, op. cit.

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⁴⁷ Rifai, M. A. Y.Older Americans crime prevention research project. Multnomah County Division of Public Safety, Portland, Oregon, 12 1976. Quoted in Riger, S., Le Bailly, R. K. and Gordon, M. T.Community ties and urbanites fear of crime: an ecological investigation. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 6 (1981), 653–665.

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⁴⁹ Baumer, T. 1978, op. cit., 259.

⁵⁰ Brooks, J.The fear of crime in the U.S. Crime and Delinquency, 20 (1974), 241–245. According to Brooks: ‘The fear of crimes of violence is not a simple fear of injury or death… but, at bottom, a fear of strangers’ (ibid., p. 241).

⁵¹ Merry, S.The management of danger in a high-crime urban neighbourhood. Paper presented at the annual meetings of the American Anthropological Association, 11 1976, Washington, D.C. Quoted in Yin, P. P. 1980, op. cit. p. 498.

⁵² Baumer, T. 1978, op. cit., 259.

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⁵⁵ Baumer, T. 1978, op. cit. 258.

⁵⁶ Sherman, E. A., Newman, E. S. and Nelson, A. D. Patterns of age integration in public housing and the incidence and fears of crime among elderly tenants. In Goldsmith, J. and Goldsmith, S. S. (eds) 1976, op. cit.

⁵⁷ Lawton, M. P. and Yaffe, S. 1980, op. cit.

⁵⁸ Gubrium, J. F.Victimisation in old age: available evidence and three hypotheses, Crime and Delinquency, 20 (1974), 245–250, quotation p. 250.

⁵⁹ For a discussion of ways of reducing fear and helping elderly victims of crime see Mawby, R. I. Crime and the elderly: experience and perceptions. In Jerrome, D. (ed.), Ageing in Modern Society. Groom Helm, 1983.

⁶⁰ Doob, A. N. The role of the mass media in creating exaggerated levels of fear of being the victim of a violent crime. In Stringer, P. (ed.), Confronting Social Issues: Applications of Social Psychology. Academic Press, London, 1982.

⁶¹ Sundeen, R. A. and Mathieu, J. T.The fear of crime and its consequences among elderly in three urban communities. Gerontologist, 16, (1976), 211–219.