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Paleoindian Aggregation and Social Context at Bull Brook

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Brian S. Robinson ,
Jennifer C. Ort ,
William A. Eldridge ,
Adrian L. Burke  and
Bertrand G. Pelletier
Brian S. Robinson
Affiliation:
Anthropology Department and Climate Change Institute University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
Jennifer C. Ort
Affiliation:
Anthropology Department and Climate Change Institute University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
William A. Eldridge
Affiliation:
Peabody Essex Museum, Salem, MA 01970
Adrian L. Burke
Affiliation:
Département d’Anthropologic, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3J7
Bertrand G. Pelletier
Affiliation:
Anthropology Department and Climate Change Institute University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469
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Abstract

Large social aggregations are among the most highly organized events associated with mobile hunter-gatherers. The Bull Brook Paleoindian site in Ipswich, Massachusetts provides the strongest case for large-scale Paleoindian aggregation in North America, with 36 discrete concentrations of artifacts arranged in a large circle. Avocational archaeologists who salvaged the site in the 1950s interpreted it as a single occupation. Professionals first rejected and then revived this hypothesis, but the site remained insufficiently analyzed to evaluate. New research supports the single occupation hypothesis with a fully reconstructed site plan and the first complete analysis of artifact distributions. Clear spatial structure of activities within the ring-shaped site plan provides a window on social contexts that are also visible in smaller Paleoindian settlements.

Résumé

Résumé

Las agregaciones sociales de gran amplitud suelen considerarse como los eventos de mayor organización entre los grupos cazadores recolectores. El sitio paleoindio Bull Brook, situado Ipswich, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos, representa el testimonio más evidente de este tipo de agregación en América del Norte. Bull Brook está constituido por 36 aglomeraciones diferenciadas de artefactos, organizadas de forma circular. Un grupo de arqueólogos amateurs rescataron el sitio durante los años 1950, considerándolo producto de una ocupación única. Inicialmente, los arqueólogos profesionales rechazaron esta hipótesis y, aunque posteriormente la aceptaron, el sitio nunca fue examinado de modo sistemático. Una reciente investigación de Bull Brook apoya la hipótesis de una sola ocupación. Se presenta en este trabajo una nueva cartografía reconstruida del sitio y un primer análisis general de la distribución de los artefactos. Resulta claramente observable la figura circular de la estructura espacial de las actividades. Tal tipo de estructura ofrece una visión de la organización social paleoindia que, asimismo, se puede encontrar en los sitios paleoindios más pequeños.

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American Antiquity , Volume 74 , Issue 3 , July 2009 , pp. 423 - 447
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2009

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