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A Moveable Feast: Variation in Faunal Resource Use among Central and Western North American Paleoindian Sites

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Matthew E. Hill Jr.
Matthew E. Hill Jr.*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1322 (matthew-e-hill@uiowa.edu)
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Abstract

In the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains of North America, researchers have debated the degree to which Paleoindian foragers relied on large-game hunting to fulfill their subsistence needs. This study reviews the zooarchaeological record from 60 sites to test predictions drawn from prey choice models. Results indicate that different site types provide different perspectives on Paleoindian faunal use. Data from kill assemblages can only inform on the exploitation of large game, while the full variety of prey used by Paleoindian foragers is represented at camp localities. In addition, prehistoric foragers varied prey choice based on habitat setting. In the low diversity grasslands of the High Plains and Rolling Hills, prehistoric groups hunted large game almost exclusively. In the more diverse environments of the alluvial valleys and foothill/mountain environments, foragers show higher diversity of faunal use. During the early Holocene, small game made a greater contribution in the diet of Paleoindians, possibly in response to changing environmental conditions and/or increased hunting pressure.

Résumé

Résumé

En los Great Plains y Rocky Mountains norteamericanos, los arqueólogos han discutido hasta qué punto los cazadores Paleoindios dependían de la fauna mayor para satisfacer sus necesidades de la subsistencia. Este artículo usa los datos zoológicos de 60 sitios para probar las predicciones de los modelos de la elección de presa. Los resultados nos muestran que el tipo de sitio provee de diferentes perspectivas sobre el uso de la fauna por Paleoindios. Los datos de las localidades de la matanza nos puedan informar solamente sobre la fauna mayor, mientras que los campamentos tienen una variedad completa de presas. Además, los cazadores prehistóricos variaban su elección de presa según el tipo de hábitat. En las pampas con una diversidad menor en los Great Plains y Rolling Hills, los Paleoindios cazaban los animales grandes. En los ambientes diversos de valles aluviales y las estribaciones/montañas, los Paleoindios usaban una variedad de fauna. Durante el Holoceno temprano, la caza pequeña hacía una mayor contribución en la dieta Paleoindia, quizás por condiciones ambientales nuevas, o sobre explotación, o las dos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 72 , Issue 3 , July 2007 , pp. 417 - 438
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 2007

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