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A Symmetry Analysis of Design Structure: 1,000 Years of Continuity and Change in Puebloan Ceramic Design

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Dorothy K. Washburn ,
Donald W. Crowe  and
Richard V.N. Ahlstrom
Dorothy K. Washburn
Affiliation:
University Museum, University of Pennsylvania (DKWashburn@Verizon.net)
Donald W. Crowe
Affiliation:
Emeritus, Mathematics Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706
Richard V.N. Ahlstrom
Affiliation:
HRA, Inc., Conservation Archaeology, Las Vegas, NV 89107
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Abstract

This paper postulates that cultural entities with long term structural integrity are characterized by symmetrical relationships between and among the constituent sectors of society. We demonstrate how such social relationships are embedded in the symmetrical arrangements of motifs in geometric design. We test this premise with an analysis of 1000 years of ceramic design from the northern American Southwest, AD 600-1600, with a description of the continuities and changes in the plane pattern symmetries that structure design. Two major points of change in symmetry use at c. AD 900 and AD 1300 correlate with changes in settlement type from pithouses to unit pueblos and from unit pueblos to multi-storied plaza oriented pueblos that accompanied adjustments to changes in environmental conditions. We propose that in the American Southwest the predominant use of bifold symmetry is a structural metaphor for the reciprocal social relationships basic to the organization of small puebloan agricultural communities and that the changes in these symmetries reflect the changing integration of the household into an increasingly complex social system. This interpretation of the meaning of design structure is derived from cosmological principles embedded in 20th century ritual songs of the Hopi, descendents of the prehistoric puebloans, as well as depicted in images in their 15th century kiva wall murals. We present this interpretation of the sequence of pueblo development in the American Southwest in terms of the changing symmetrical nature of the social relationships that integrated the agricultural communities as an example of the insights possible with this new approach to design analysis.

Resumen

Resumen

Este artículo postula que entidades culturales con integridad estructural a largo plazo observables en el registro arqueológico están caracterizadas por relaciones de simetría entre y en medio de los sectores constituyentes de la sociedad. Hemos demostrado como tales relaciones sociales están presentes en las ordenaciones simétricas de motivos en el diseño geométrico. Hemos evaluado esta premisa con un análisis de 1,000 años de diseños cerámicos del norte del Suroeste Americano, 600–1600 d.C., con una descripción de las continuidades y cambios en los patrones de simetría planares que dan estructura a los diseños. Dos puntos mayores de cambio en usos de simetría hacia los años 900 d.C. y 1300 d.C. están correlacionados con cambios en tipos de asentamientos de casas-pozo a unidades pueblos y de unidades pueblos a pueblos organizados en plazas con múltiples niveles que, a su vez, acompaño a ajustes por cambios en condiciones ambientales. Proponemos que en el Suroeste Americano el uso predominante de simetría bifold es una metáfora estructural por las relaciones sociales recíprocas básicas para la organización de pequeñas comunidades agrícolas de indios pueblo y que los cambios en la simetría bifold refleja la integración cambiante de la familia en un sistema social cada vez más complejo. Esta interpretación del significado de la estructura del diseño está derivado de principios cosmológicos presentes en cantos rituales del siglo 20 de los Hopi, descendientes de indios pueblo prehistóricos, así como se muestra en imágenes en sus murales en las paredes de los kiva del siglo 15. Presentamos esta interpretación de la secuencia del desarrollo pueblo en el Suroeste Americano en términos de la naturaleza cambiante de las simetrías de las relaciones sociales que integraron las comunidades agrícolas como un ejemplar de las clases de nociones posibles con este nuevo planteamiento al análisis de diseño.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 75 , Issue 4 , October 2010 , pp. 743 - 772
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 2010

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