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Warfare in Late Prehistoric West-Central Illinois

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

George R. Milner ,
Eve Anderson  and
Virginia G. Smith
George R. Milner
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Eve Anderson
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Virginia G. Smith
Affiliation:
Kentucky Humanities Council, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506
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Abstract

Social-group competition and cooperation are critical elements of models of cultural evolution. Despite the presumed significance of such interactions, archaeologists find it difficult to measure these forms of behavior. An Illinois cemetery consisting of 264 burials dating to ca. A.D. 1300 illustrates the unique information that only mortuary sites can provide on the characteristics and intensity of prehistoric intergroup conflict. In this instance, violent death was indicated by several forms of bone damage. Chronic warfare caused a heavy loss of life (at least one-third of all adult deaths) and contributed to considerable hardship. Available evidence indicates that this conflict was part of a broader pattern of volatile Precontact-era social relationships that featured intergroup cooperation coupled with antagonism.

Résumé

Résumé

Competencia y cooperación de grupos sociales son elementos críticos en modelos de evolución cultural. A pesar de la presunta importancia de tales interacciones, los arqueólogos encuentran difícil medir estas formas de comportamiento. Un cementerio en Illinois integrado por 264 enterramientos fechados alrededor de 1300 D.C. sirve para ilustrar la singularidad de la información que solo sitios funerarios pueden ofrecersobre las características e intensidad del conflicto entre grupos sociales prehistóricos. En este caso, muerte violentafue indicada por diversas formas de daño en los esqueletos. Guerras endémicas causaron la pérdida de muchas vidas (por lo menos un tercio de todas las muertes de individuos adultos) y produjeron considerables privaciones. Las evidencias disponibles indican que este tipo de conflicto era parte de un patrón amplio de vínculos sociales volátiles del período precontacto caracterizado tanto por cooperación entre grupos como por antagonismo entre los mismos.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 56 , Issue 4 , October 1991 , pp. 581 - 603
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for American Archaeology 1991

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