Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T19:47:22.470Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Black Representation and Educational Policy: Are They Related?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Kenneth J. Meier  and
Robert E. England
Kenneth J. Meier
Affiliation:
University of Oklahoma
Robert E. England
Affiliation:
Oklahoma State University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This study examines the impact of black school board members on educational policies that affect black students. Using data from 82 of the largest urban school districts in the United States, several measures of second-generation educational discrimination are analyzed. Black membership on the school board is associated with more equitable educational policies; this relationship remains in some cases even with controls for black political and economic resources. The implications of these findings for the study of representation are then discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 78 , Issue 2 , June 1984 , pp. 392 - 403
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1984

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bachrach, P., & Baratz, M. S.Decisions and nondecisions. American Political Science Review, 1963, 57, 632–642.Google Scholar
Birmingham, S.Certain people. Boston: Little, Brown, 1977.Google Scholar
Brooks, G. H.Black political mobilization and white legislative behavior. In Moreland, L. W., Baker, A. T., & Steed, R. T. (Eds.). Contemporary southern political attitudes and behavior. New York: Praeger, 1982.Google Scholar
Bullock, C. S. III, & Dennis, C.A diachronic analysis of black registration and office holding in two southern states. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1982.Google Scholar
Bullock, C. S. III, & MacManus, S. A.Policy responsiveness to the black electorate. American Politics Quarterly, 1981, 9, 357–368.Google Scholar
Bullock, C. S. III, & Stewart, J.Complaint processing as a strategy for combatting second generation discrimination. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southern Political Science Association, Atlanta, 1978.Google Scholar
Bullock, C. S. III, & Stewart, J.Incidence and correlates of second-generation discrimination. In Palley, M. L. & Preston, M. B. (Eds.). Race, sex, and policy problems. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1979.Google Scholar
Campbell, D., & Feagin, J.Black politics in the South: a descriptive analysis. Journal of Politics, 1975, 37, 129–159.Google Scholar
Cayer, N. J., & Sigelman, L.Minorities and women in state and local government: 1973-1975. Public Administration Review, 1980, 40, 443–450.Google Scholar
Cole, L.Electing blacks to municipal office. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 1974, 10, 17–39.Google Scholar
Cole, R. L.The urban policy process: a note on structural and regional influences. Social Science Quarterly, 1971, 52, 646–655.Google Scholar
Davidson, C., & Korbel, G.At-large elections and minority-group representation. Journal of Politics, 1981, 43, 982–1005.Google Scholar
Dawson, R. E., & Robinson, J. A.Interparty competition, economic variables, and welfare policies in the American states. Journal of Politics, 1963, 25, 265–289.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dye, T. R.Politics, economics and the public. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966.Google Scholar
Dye, T. R., & Renick, J.Political power and city jobs: determinants of minority employment. Social Science Quarterly, 1981, 62, 475–486.Google Scholar
Eisinger, P. K.Black employment in municipal jobs: the impact of black political power. American Political Science Review, 1982, 76, 330–392. (a)Google Scholar
Eisinger, P. K.The economic conditions of black employment in municipal bureaucracies. American Journal of Political Science, 1982, 26, 754–771. (b)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
England, R. E., & Robinson, T. P.Black resources and black school board representation. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Southwestern Political Science Association, Dallas, 1981.Google Scholar
Engstrom, R. L., & McDonald, M. D.The election of blacks to city councils. American Political Science Review, 1981, 75, 344–354.Google Scholar
Eulau, H., & Karps, P. D.The puzzle of representation: specifying components of responsiveness. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 1977, 2, 233–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eulau, H., Wahlke, J. C., Buchanan, W., & Ferguson, L. C.The role of the representative: some empirical observations on the theory of Edmund Burke. American Political Science Review, 1959, 53, 742–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedrich, C. J.Constitutional government and democracy. Boston: Little Brown, 1950.Google Scholar
Harmel, R., Hamm, K., & Thompson, R.Black voting cohesion and distinctiveness in southern legislatures. Social Science Quarterly, 1983, 64, 183–192.Google Scholar
Hutchins, M., & Sigelman, L.Black employment in state and local governments. Social Science Quarterly, 1981, 62, 79–87.Google Scholar
Jones, C.The impact of local election systems and black representation. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 1976, 11, 345–356.Google Scholar
Karnig, A. K.Black representation on city councils. Urban Affairs Quarterly, 1976, 12, 223–242.Google Scholar
Karnig, A. K.Black resources and city council representation. Journal of Politics, 1979, 41, 134–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karnig, A. K., & Walker, O.Election of women to city councils. Social Science Quarterly, 1976, 56, 605–613.Google Scholar
Karnig, A. K., & Welch, S.Electoral structure and black representation on city councils. Social Science Quarterly, 1982, 63, 99–114.Google Scholar
Keech, W. R.The Impact of negro voting. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1968.Google Scholar
Keller, E.The impact of black mayors on urban policy. The Annals, 1978, 439, 40–52.Google Scholar
Kingsley, J. D.Representative bureaucracy. Yellow Springs, Ohio: Antioch Press, 1944.Google Scholar
Kuklinski, J. H.Representative-constituency linkages: a review article. Legislative Studies Quarterly, 1979, 4, 121–140.Google Scholar
Levine, C. H.Racial conflict and the American mayor. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1974.Google Scholar
Lineberry, R. L.Reform, representation, and policy. Social Science Quarterly, 1978, 59, 173–177.Google Scholar
Lineberry, R. L., & Fowler, E. P.Reformism and public policies in American cities. American Political Science Review, 1967, 61, 701–716.Google Scholar
Long, N. E.Bureaucracy and constitutionalism. American Political Science Review, 1952, 46, 808–818.Google Scholar
MacManus, S. A.Determinants of the equality of female representation on 243 city councils. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, 1976.Google Scholar
MacManus, S. A.City council election procedures and minority representation: are they related? Social Science Quarterly, 1978, 59, 153–161.Google Scholar
Mann, D.The politics of representation in educational administration. Education in Urban Society, 1974, 6, 297–317.Google Scholar
Meier, K. J.Affirmative action: constraints and policy impact. In Palley, M. L. & Preston, M. B. (Eds.). Race, sex, and policy problems. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1979.Google Scholar
Meier, K. J., & Nigro, L. G.Representative bureaucracy and policy preferences. Public Administration Review, 1976, 36, 458–470.Google Scholar
Miller, W. E., & Stokes, D. E.Constituency influence in Congress. American Political Science Review, 1963, 57, 45–56.Google Scholar
Mladenka, K. R.Citizen demands for urban services. American Journal of Political Science, 1981, 25, 693–714.Google Scholar
Mosher, F. C.Democracy and the public service. New York: Oxford University Press, 1968.Google Scholar
Nagel, J. D.System and succession. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1977.Google Scholar
Nelson, W.Black politics in Gary. Washington, D.C.: Joint Center for Political Studies, 1972.Google Scholar
Nelson, W., & Meranto, P.Electing black mayors. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Pitkin, H. F.The concept of representation. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poinsett, A.Black power Gary style. Chicago: Johnson, 1970.Google Scholar
Preston, M. B.Minority employment and collective bargaining in public sector. Public Administration Review, 1911, 37, 511–514.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. P., & Dye, T. R.Reformism and black representation on city councils. Social Science Quarterly, 1978, 59, 133–141.Google Scholar
Robinson, T. P., & England, R. E.Black representation on central city school boards revisited. Social Science Quarterly, 1981, 62, 495–502.Google Scholar
Rodgers, C. B.Environment, system and output: the consideration of a model. Social Forces, 1969, 48, 72–87.Google Scholar
Rourke, F. E.Bureaucracy, politics and public policy. Boston: Little Brown, 1976.Google Scholar
Saltzstein, G. H.Representative bureaucracy and bureaucratic responsibility. Administration and Society, 1979, 10, 465–475.Google Scholar
Sharkansky, I., & Hofferbert, R.Dimensions of state politics, economics, and public policy. American Political Science Review, 1969, 68, 867–879.Google Scholar
Sigelman, L.State and local employment of Spanish Americans in the Southwest. Public Service, 1974, 2, 1–5.Google Scholar
Sigelman, L., & Karnig, A. K.Black representation in American states—comparison of bureaucracies and legislatures. American Politics Quarterly, 1976, 4, 237–246.Google Scholar
Sigelman, L., & Karnig, A. K.Black education and bureaucratic employment. Social Science Quarterly, 1977, 57, 858–863.Google Scholar
Sloan, L.Good government and the politics of race. Social Problems, 1969, 17, 161–175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stewart, J., & Bullock, C. S. III. Implementing equal education opportunity policy. Administration and Society, 1981, 12, 427–446.Google Scholar
Stone, C.Black political power in America. New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1971.Google Scholar
Subramaniam, V.Representative bureaucracy: a reassessment. American Political Science Review, 1967, 61, 1010–1019.Google Scholar
Taebel, D.Minority representation on city councils: the impact of structure on Hispanics and blacks. Social Science Quarterly, 1918, 59, 142–152.Google Scholar
Taeuber, K. E., & Taeuber, A. F.Negroes in cities. Chicago: Aldine, 1965.Google Scholar
Tucker, H., & Zeigler, H.Professionals versus the public. New York: Longman, 1980.Google Scholar
Verba, S., & Nie, N. H.Participation in America. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.Google Scholar
Weisberg, R.Collective vs. dyadic representation in Congress. American Political Science Review, 1978, 72, 535–547.Google Scholar
Welch, S., & Karnig, A. K.Representation of blacks on big city school boards. Social Science Quarterly, 1978, 59, 162–172.Google Scholar
Welch, S., & Karnig, A. K.The impact of black elected officials on urban social expenditures. Policy Studies Journal, 1979, 7, 707–714. (a)Google Scholar
Welch, S., & Karnig, A. K.The impact of black elected officials on urban expenditures and intergovernmental revenues. In Marshal, D. R. (Ed.). Urban policymaking. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1979, (b)Google Scholar
Welch, S., & Karnig, A. K.Black representation and urban policy. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.Google Scholar