Belligerent Occupation — Killing, Ill-treatment and Deportation of Civilian Inhabitants — Employment of Inhabitants in Prohibited Work — Prisoners of War — Execution without Trial — Employment of Prisoners of War in Dangerous or Prohibited Work — Belligerent Status of Irregular Forces — Guerrilla Warfare — Execution of Francs-Tireurs without Trial — Killing of Hostages — War Crimes as Reprisals — Wanton Destruction and Devastation of Property in Occupied Territory by Occupying Belligerent during Forced Retreat — Legal Responsibility of Military Commander and of Chief-of-Staff for War Crimes committed within the Area of Command — Military Necessity and the Hague Regulations — Pleas of Act of State and Superior Orders.