Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-cfpbc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-16T08:05:19.164Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

AMS dating of rock art in the Laura Region, Cape York Peninsula, Australia – protocols and results of recent research

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 March 2015

Noelene Cole
Affiliation:
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies Unit, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia (Email: nacole@optusnet.com.au)
Alan Watchman
Affiliation:
Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia

Abstract

The authors describe rock art dating research in Australia using the oxalate method. While the array of dates obtained (which range from c. 1200 to c. 25 000 BP) show a satisfactory correlation with other archaeological data, there are mismatches which suggest that some motifs were often imitated by later artists, and/or that the mineral accretions continued to form periodically, perhaps continuously, as a regional phenomenon over a long period of time.

Type
Method
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ang-Gnarra Aboriginal Corporation. 1995. Our country, our art, our quinkans. Laura: Ang-Gnarra Aboriginal Corporation.Google Scholar
Bahn, P. & Vertut, J.. 1997. Journey through the Ice Age. London: Seven Dials.Google Scholar
Bednarik, R. 1993. About cupules. Rock Art Research 10 (2): 138–9.Google Scholar
Bednarik, R. 1994. A taphonomy of palaeoart. Antiquity 68: 6875.Google Scholar
Bednarik, R. 1996. The cupules on Chief’s Rock, Auditorium Cave, Bhimbetka. The Artefact 19: 6372.Google Scholar
Campbell, J., Cole, N., Hatte, E., Tuniz, C. & Watchman, A.. 1996. Dating of rock surface accretions with aboriginal. Paintings and engravings in North Queensland, in Ulm, S., Lilley, I. & Ross, A. (ed.). Australian archaeology 95: Proceedings of the 1995 Australian Archaeological Association annual conference. Tempus 6. St Lucia: Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Clottes, J. 1998. The ‘three C’s’: fresh avenues towards European Palaeolithic art, in Chippendale, C. & Taçon, P. (ed.). The archaeology of rock-art: 112–29. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cole, N. 2000. The Direct Dating Project of rock pictures at Laura, in Ward, G. & Tuniz, C. (ed.). Advances in dating Australian rock markings: Papers from the first Australian rock picture dating workshop. Proceedings of the first rock-picture dating workshop held at Woods Centre, Lucas Heights, 8 to 10 February 1996 under the auspices of AIATSIS, ANSTO and AINSE: 769. Occasional AURA Publication 10. Melbourne: Australian Rock Art Research Association.Google Scholar
Cole, N. & Watchman, A.. 1992. Painting with plants: investigating fibres in Aboriginal rock paintings at Laura, north Queensland. Rock Art Research 9: 2736.Google Scholar
Cole, N., Watchman, A. & Morwood, M.J.. 1995. Chronology of Laura rock art, in Morwood, M.J. & Hobbs, D.R. (ed.). Quinkan prehistory: the archaeology of Aboriginal art in s.e. Cape York Peninsula. Tempus vol 3: 147–60. St. Lucia: Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Dorn, R. 1997. Constraining the age of the Côa valley (Portugal) engravings with radiocarbon dating. Antiquity 71: 105–15.Google Scholar
Flood, J. 1987. Rock art of the Koolburra Plateau, North Queensland. Rock Art Research 4 (2): 126.Google Scholar
Gillespie, R. 1997. On human blood, rock art and calcium oxalate: further studies on organic carbon content and radiocarbon age of materials relating to Australian rock art. Antiquity 71: 430–7.Google Scholar
Hedges, R.E.M., Bronk Ramsay, C. Van Klinken, G.J., Pettitt, P.B. Nielsen-Marsh, C. Etchegoyen, A. Fernandez Niello, J.O. Boschin, M.T. & Llamazares, A.M.. 1998. Methodological issues in the 14C dating of rock paintings. Radiocarbon 40: 3544.Google Scholar
Kumar, G. 1996. Daraki-Chattan: a Palaeolithic cupule site in India. Rock Art Research 13 (1): 3846.Google Scholar
Mazel, A.D. & Watchman, A.L.. 2003. Dating rock paintings in the uKhahlamba-Drakensberg and the Biggarsberg, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Southern African Humanities 15: 5973.Google Scholar
Morwood, M. & Hobbs, D.. 1995a. Quinkan prehistory: the archaeology of Aboriginal art in s.e. Cape York Peninsula. Tempus vol 3. St. Lucia: Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Morwood, M. & Hobbs, D.. 1995b. Conclusions, in Morwood, M.J. & Hobbs, D.R. (ed.). Quinkan prehistory: the archaeology of Aboriginal art in s.e. Cape York Peninsula. Tempus vol 3: 178–85. St. Lucia: Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Morwood, M., Hobbs, D. & Price, D.. 1995. Excavations at Sandy Creek 1 and 2, in Morwood, M.J. & Hobbs, D.R. (ed.). Quinkan prehistory: the archaeology of Aboriginal art in s.e. Cape York Peninsula. Tempus vol 3: 7192. St. Lucia: Anthropology Museum, University of Queensland.Google Scholar
Pettitt, P. & Bahn, P.. 2003. Current problems in dating Palaeolithic cave art: Candamo and Chauvet. Antiquity 77: 134–41.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, A. 1982. Style and meaning in Laura rock art: a case study in the formal analysis of style in prehistoric art. Mankind 13 (3): 199217.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, A. & Smith, C.. 1997. Recent developments in radiocarbon and stylistic methods of dating rock art. Antiquity 71: 405–11.Google Scholar
Rosenfeld, A., Horton, D. & Winter, J.. 1981. Early Man in North Queensland: art and archaeology in the Laura area. Canberra: Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Sullivan, K. 1992. Managing the art and archaeological resources of an area near Laura, North Queensland, inscribed as part of the National estate. A report to the Ang-Gnarra Aboriginal Corporation, Laura, and the Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage.Google Scholar
Taçon, P., Fullagar, R. Ouzman, S. & Mulvaney, K.. 1997. Cupule engravings from Jinmium-Granilpi northern Australia and beyond: exploring a widespread and enigmatic class of rock markings. Antiquity 71: 942–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trezise, P. 1971. Rock art of south-east Cape York Peninsula. Canberra: Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies.Google Scholar
Trezise, P. 1997. Dream road: a journey of discovery. St. Leonards: Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Trezise, P. & Oribin, E.. 1972–6. Unpublished records held by Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies, Canberra.Google Scholar
Valladas, H. & Clottes, J.. 2003. Style, Chauvet and radiocarbon. Antiquity 77: 142–5.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1987. Preliminary determinations of the age and composition of mineral salts on rock art surfaces in the Kakadu National Park, in Ambrose, W. & Mummery, J. (ed.). Archaeometry: further Australasian studies: 3642. Canberra: Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1990. A summary of oxalate-rich crusts in Australia. Rock Art Research 7 (1): 4450.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1993a. Evidence of a 25,000 year old pictograph from northern Australia. Geoarchaeology 8 (6): 465–73.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1993b. Perspectives and potentials for absolute dating prehistoric rock paintings. Antiquity 67: 5865.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1995. Recent petroglyphs, Foz Côa. Rock Art Research 12 (2):104–8.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 1998. Composition and source of dust on split rock paintings, Australia. Rock Art Research 15 (1): 3640.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 2000. Micro-excavation and laser extraction methods for dating carbon in silica skins and oxalate crusts, in Ward, G. & Tuniz, C. (ed.). Advances in dating Australian rock markings: Papers from the first Australian rock picture dating workshop. Proceedings of the first rock-picture dating workshop held at Woods Centre, Lucas Heights, 8 to 10 February 1996 under the auspices of AIATSIS, ANSTO and AINSE: 35–9. Occasional AURA Publication 10. Melbourne: Australian Rock Art Research Association.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 2001a. Dating oxalate minerals in rock surface deposits, in Jones, M. & Sheppard, P. (ed.). Australasian connections and new directions: 401–11. Proceedings of the 7th Australasian archaeometry conference. Department of Anthropology, The University of Auckland.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. 2001b. Wargata to Gunbilmurrung: the direct dating of Australian rock art, in Anderson, A. Lilley, I. & O’Connor, S. (ed.). Histories of old ages: essays in honour of Rhys Jones. Canberra: Pandanus Books, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. & Cole, N.. 1992. Accelerator radiocarbon dating of plant–fibre binders in rock paintings from northeastern Australia. Antiquity 67: 335–8.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. & Hatte, E.. 1996. A nano approach to the study of rock art: ‘The Walkunders’. Chillagoe, north Queensland, Australia. Rock Art Research 13 (2): 8592.Google Scholar
Watchman, A. & Jones, R.. 1998. Dating rock images in the tropical monsoon region of northern Australia. Australian Aboriginal Studies 1998 (1): 6470.Google Scholar
Watchman, A., Ward, I. Jones, R. & O’Connor, S.. 2001. Spatial and compositional variations within finely laminated mineral crusts at Carpenter’s Gap, an archaeological site in tropical Australia. Geoarchaeology 16 (7): 803–24.Google Scholar
Watchman, A., Taçon, P. Fullagar, R. & Head, L.. 2000. Minimum ages for pecked rock markings from Jinmium, north western Australia. Archaeology in Oceania 35: 110.Google Scholar
Watchman, A., O’Connor, S. & Jones, R.. 2005. Dating oxalate minerals 20–45 ka. Journal of Archaeological Science 32: 369–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welch, D. 1993. Early ‘Naturalistic’ human figures in the Kimberley, Australia. Rock Art Research 10 (1): 2439.Google Scholar