A Bronze Sword from Ugarit with cartouche of Mineptah (Ras Shamra, Syria)

¹ For these discoveries see my Ugaritica III, in the press. The same volume contains an account of two other bronze swords from Ugarit.

² It may be compared with that illustrated in Ugaritica II, fig. 121 (18).

³ For evidence of this see the Middle and New Empire Egyptian steles found at Ugarit Ugaritica I, pp. 20, 39.

⁴ See C.R.A.I. 1955, séance du 11 fevrier.

⁵ Whose reign is dated 1234-24 by Drioton and Vandier, and 1224-1204 by Rowton.

⁶ Compare for the last J. von Beckerath, ‘Tanis und Theban’, in Aegyptische Forschungen, Heft 16, 1951, 56.

⁷ See Hamit Z. Kosay, Alaca Höyük Hafriyati, Ankara, 1938, 106 ; Les Fouilles d’Alaca Höyük, Ankara, 1951, plates 183 (1), 203 (middle); and also Schaeffer, Stratigraphie Comparée, pp. 289 ff.

⁸ Déchelette, Manuel d’Archéologie 11, 200.

⁹ Compare for this Ebert, Reallexikon, IV, s.v. Griffangelschwert, Griffzungenschwert, and XI, s.v. Schwert. See too the criticism of E. Sprockhoff, Die Gertnanischen Griffzungenschwerter, 1931, and my remarks in Enkomi-Alasia, pp. 337 ff.

¹⁰ By reason of the proximity of the Cypriot copper-mines, the bronze industry and the manufacture of weapons was specially developed at Ugarit, see Ugaritica III.

¹¹ E. Drioton and J. Vandier, L’Egypte, 3rd ed., 1952, 430 : J. von Beckerath, op. cit., 66.

¹² For the Karnak stele and the complementary inscriptions see Drioton and Vandier, op. cit., 430 ; von Beckerath, op. cit., 66 : and more especially J. H. Breasted, Ancient Records of Egypt, III, 238 ff.

¹³ W. Wolf, Die Bewaffnung des Altägyptischen Heeres, Leipzig, 1926, plate XV (e) and Ebert, Reallexikon, XI, plate 144 (e).

¹⁴ See for the last expression of this view J. von Beckerath, op. cit., 258.

¹⁵ Notably J. Breasted, op. cit., p. 258. The same opinion is guardedly expressed by Drioton and Vandier, loc. cit., p. 431.

¹⁶ See my provisional report of the Ugarit fortifications in Syria, 1939, pp. 289 ff.

¹⁷ W. Wolf, op. cit., p. 73, plate 15 : Ebert, Reallexikon, XI, s.v. Schwert, p. 439, plate 144.

¹⁸ Déchelette, op. cit., series C, type 1, p. 208.

¹⁹ J. Naue, Vorrömische Schwerter, type 11 : E. Sprockhoff, op. cit.

²⁰ See Enkomi-Alasia, p. 337 ff. ; Stratigraphie Comparée I, 418, fig. 222.

²¹ Op. cit. II, 106, 200 ff.

²² To be published shortly in Ugaritica III.

²³ Déchelette, op. cit., p. 202.