Skip to main content
×
×
Home

Glacial cycles and Palaeolithic adaptive variability on China's Western Loess Plateau

  • Christopher Morgan (a1), Loukas Barton (a2), Robert Bettinger (a3), Fahu Chen (a4) and Zhang Dongju (a4)...
Extract

Intensive research on China's Western Loess Plateau has located 63 Palaeolithic deposits, which together allow the authors to present a general model of hominin occupation from 80 000 to 18 000 years ago. Tools, subsistence and settlement correlate nicely with the climate: the warm wet MIS3 seeing expansion and more organised acquisition of quartz, and the Late Glacial Maximum that followed, a reduction in human presence but possibly an increase in ingenuity.

Copyright
References
Hide All
Ambrose, S. H. 1998. Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter and differentiation of modern humans. Journal of Human Evolution 34:623–51.
Aoki, K., Yuichiro, J. & Feldman, M. W. 2005. The emergence of social learning in a temporally changing environment: a theoretical mode. Current Anthropology 46:335–40.
Barton, L., Brantingham, P. J. & Ji, D. X. 2007. Late Pleistocene climate change and Paleolithic cultural evolution in northern China: implications from the Last Glacial Maximum, in Madsen, D. B., Chen, F. H. & Gao, X. (ed.) Late Quaternary climate change and human adaptation in arid China (Developments in Quaternary Science 9): 105–28. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Barton, L, Morgan, C., Bettinger, R. L. & Zhang, D. J. 2008. The archaeology of archaic and early modern humans in north-west China: a report on the 2007 Paleolithic Survey Project in eastern Longxi Basin, Gansu (Prepared for the Leakey Foundation). Available at: http://anthropology.ucdavis.edu/people/robert-l.-bettinger-1/us-prc/pdfs/Barton%20etal%202008.pdf (accessed 2 December 2010).
Barton, L., Newsome, S.D., Chen, F.-H., Wang, H., Guilderson, T. P. & Bettinger, R. L. 2009. Agricultural origins and the isotopic identity of domestication in northern China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106:5523–28.
Bettinger, R. L., Barton, L. & Elston, R. G. 2005. Report on 2002 archaeological fieldwork in Gansu and Ningxia Provinces, PRC. Prepared for the US National Science Foundation BCS-Archaeology, Program NSF 01-153: High-risk survey for the earliest agriculture in north China, Grant Number 0222742. Available at: http://anthropology.ucdavis.edu/people/robert-l.-bettinger-1/us-prc/pdfs/Bettinger%20etal%202005a.pdf (accessed 2 December 2010).
Bettinger, R. L., Barton, L. & Morgan, C. 2010a. The origins of food production in North China: a different kind of agricultural revolution. Evolutionary Anthropology 19:921.
Bettinger, R. L., Barton, L., Morgan, C., Chen, F. H., Wang, H., Guilderson, T. P., Ji, D. X. & Zhang, D. J. 2010b. The transition to agriculture at Dadiwan, People's Republic of China. Current Anthropology 51:703714.
Brantingham, P. J. & Gao, X. 2006. Peopling of the northern Tibetan Plateau. World Archaeology 38:387414.
Brantingham, P. J., Krivoshapkin, A. I., Li, J. & Tserendagva, Y. 2001. The initial Upper Paleolithic in north-east Asia. Current Anthropology 42:735–47.
Brantingham, P. J., Gao, X., Madsen, B. B., Bettinger, R. L. & Elston, R. G. 2004. The initial Upper Paleolithic at Shuidonggou, north-western China, in Brantingham, P. J., Kuhn, S. L. & Kerry, K. W. (ed.) The early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe: 223–41. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press.
Bronk Ramsey, C. 2001. Development of the radiocarbon calibration program OxCal. Radiocarbon 43:355–63.
Bronk Ramsey, C. 2009. Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon dates. Radiocarbon 51:337–60.
Brown, P. 2001. Chinese Middle Pleistocene hominids and modern human origins in East Asia, in Barham, L. & Robson Brown, K. A. (ed.) Human roots—Africa and Asia in the Middle Pleistocene: 135–47. Bristol: Western Academic & Specialist Press.
Chen, C. & Olsen, J.W. 1990. China at the Last Glacial Maximum, in Soffer, O. & Gamble, C. (ed.) The world at 18 000 BP, Volume 1: high latitudes: 276–95. London: Unwin Hyman.
Chen, F. H., Bloemendal, J., Wang, J. M., Li, J. J. & Oldfield, F. 1997. High-resolution multi-proxy climate records from Chinese loess: evidence for rapid climatic changes over the last 75 kyr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130:323–35.
Chen, F. H., Bloemendal, J., Feng, Z. D., Wang, J. M., Parker, E. & Guo, Z. T. 1999. East Asian monsoon variations during oxygen isotope stage 5: evidence from the north-western margin of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Quaternary Science Reviews 18:1127–35.
D'errico, F. 2003. The invisible frontier: a multiple species model for the origin of behavioural modernity. Evolutionary Anthropology 12:188202.
Ditlevsen, P. D., Svensmark, H. & Johnsen, S. 1996. Contrasting atmospheric and climate dynamics of the Last-Glacial and Holocene periods. Nature 379:810–12.
Elston, R. G. & Brantingham, P. J. 2002. Microlithic technology in northern Asia: a risk-minimizing strategy of the Late Paleolithic and Early Holocene, in Elston, R. G. & Kuhn, S. L. (ed.)Thinking small: global perspectives on microlithization (Archaeological Papers 12): 103116. Washington (DC): American Anthropological Association.
Feng, Z. D. & Wang, H. B. 2006. Geographic variations in particle size distribution of the last interglacial pedocomplex S1 across the Chinese Loess Plateau: their chronological and pedogenic implications. Catena 65:315–28.
Feng, Z. D., Chen, F. H., Tang, L. & Kang, J. C. 1998. East Asian monsoon climates and Gobi dynamics in marine isotope stages 4 and 3. Catena 33:2946.
Feng, Z., Tang, L., Ma, Y. Z., Zhai, Z. X., Wu, H. N., Li, F., Zou, S. B., Yang, Q. L., Wang, W. G., Derbyshire, E. & Liu, K. B. 2007. Vegetation variations and associated environmental changes during marine isotope stage 3 in the western part of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 246:278–91.
Goebel, T. 2002. The ‘microblade adaptation’ and recolonization of Siberia during the Late Upper Paleolithic, in Elston, R. G. & Kuhn, S. L. (ed.) Thinking small: global perspectives on microlithization (Archaeological Papers 12): 117–31. Washington (DC): American Anthropological Association.
Goebel, T. 2007. The missing years for modern humans. Science 315:194–96.
Golovanova, L. V., Doronichev, V. B., Cleghorn, N. E., Koulkova, M. A., Sapelko, T. V. & Shackley, M. S. 2010. Significance of ecological factors in the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Current Anthropology 51:655–91.
Henrich, J. 2004. Demography and cultural evolution: why adaptive cultural processes produced maladaptive losses in Tasmania. American Antiquity 69:197214.
Herzschuh, U. & Liu, X. Q. 2007. Vegetation evolution in arid China during marine isotope stages 3 and 2 (∼65-11 ka), in Madsen, D. B., Chen, F. H. & Gao, X. (ed.) Late Quaternary climate change and human adaptation in arid China (Developments in Quaternary Science 9): 41–9. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Hill, K., Barton, M. & Hurtado, A. M. 2009. The emergence of human uniqueness: characters underlying behavioral modernity. Evolutionary Anthropology 18:187200.
Ikawa-Smith, F. 1978. The early Paleolithic tradition of East Asia, in Ikawa-Smith, F. (ed.) Early Paleolithic in South and East Asia: 110. The Hague: Mouton.
Ji, D. X., Chen, F. H., Bettinger, R. L., Elston, R. G., Geng, Z., Barton, L., Wang, H., An, C. & Zhang, D. 2005. Mocishengbingqi huanjing bianhua dui zhongguo beifan jiushiqi wenhua de yingxiang [Human response to the Last Glacial Maximum: evidence from northern China]. Renleixue Xuebao [Acta Anthropologica Sinica] 24(4): 270–82.
Krause, J., Fu, Q., Good, F. M., Viola, B., Shunkov, M. V., Derevianko, A. P. & Paabo, S. 2010. The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia. Nature 494:894–7.
Mcelreath, R., Bell, A. V., Efferson, C., Lubell, M., Richerson, P. J. & Waring, T. 2008. Beyond existence and aiming outside the laboratory: estimating frequency-dependent and pay-off-based social learning strategies. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 363:3515–28.
Morgan, C. 2009. Climate change, uncertainty and prehistoric hunter-gatherer mobility. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 28:382–96.
Norton, C. J. & Gao, X. 2008. Zhoukoudian Upper Cave revisited. Current Anthropology 49:732–45.
Norton, C. J. & Jin, J. H. 2009. The evolution of modern human behavior in East Asia: current perspectives. Evolutionary Anthropology 18:247–60.
Reimer, P. J., Baillie, M.G.L., Bard, E., Bayliss, A., Beck, J. W., Blackwell, P. G., Bronk Ramsey, C., Buck, C. E., Burr, G. S., Edwards, R. L., Friedrich, M., Grootes, P. M., Guilderson, T. P., Hajdas, I., Heaton, T. J., Hogg, A. G., Hughen, K. A., Kaiser, K. F., Kromer, B., Mccormac, F. G., Manning, S. W., Reimer, R. W., Richards, D. A., Southon, J. R., Talamo, S., Turney, C.S.M., Van Der Plicht, J. & Weyhenmeyer, C. E. 2009. IntCal09 and Marine09 radiocarbon age calibration curves, 0-50 000 years cal BP. Radiocarbon 51:1111–50.
Richerson, P. J., Boyd, R. & Bettinger, R. L. 2009. Cultural innovations and demographic change. Human Biology 81:211–35.
Su, B., Xiao, J., Underhill, P., Deka, R., Zhang, W., Akey, J., Huang, W., Shen, D., Lu, D., Luo, J., Chu, J., Tan, J., Shen, P., Davis, R., Cavalli-Sforza, L. L., Chakraborty, R., Xiong, M., Du, R., Oefner, P., Chen, Z. & Jin, L. 1999. Y-Chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into eastern Asia during the last Ice Age. American Journal of Human Genetics 65:1718–24.
Sun, X., Song, C., Wang, F. & Sun, M. 1997. Vegetation history of the Loess Plateau of China during the last 100 000 years based on pollen data. Quaternary International 37:2536.
Weninger, B., Jöris, O. & Danzeglocke, U. 2007. CalPal-2007. Cologne Radiocarbon Calibration and Paleoclimate Research Package. CalPal 2007 Hulu (May 2007) ed. Köln, (http://www.calpal.de).
Wünnemann, B., Hartmann, K., Janssen, M. & Hucai, C. Z. 2007. Responses of Chinese desert lakes to climate instability during the past 45 000 years, in Madsen, D. B., Chen, F. H. & Gao, X. (ed.) Late Quaternary climate change and human adaptation in arid China (Developments in Quaternary Science 9): 1124. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Yang, X., Rost, K. T., Lehmkuhl, F., Zhenda, Z. & Dodson, J. 2004. The evolution of dry lands in northern China and in the Republic of Mongolia since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary International 118-19:6985.
Yu, G., Chen, X., Ni, J., Cheddadi, R., Guiot, J., Han, H., Harrison, S. P., Huang, C., Ke, M., Kong, Z., Li, S., Li, W., Liew, P., Liu, G., Liu, J., Liu, Q., Liu, K. B., Prentice, I. C., Qui, W., Ren, G., Song, C., Sugita, S., Sun, X., Tang, L., Van Campo, E., Xia, Y., Xu, Q., Yan, S., Yang, X., Zhao, J. & Zheng, Z. 2000. Palaeovegetation of China: a pollen data-based synthesis for the mid-Holocene and Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Biogeography 27:635–64.
Yu, G., Xue, B., Liu, J. & Chen, X. 2003. LGM lake records from China and an analysis of climate dynamics using a modelling approach. Global and Planetary Change 38:223–56.
Yu, G., Gui, F., Shi, Y. & Zheng, Y. 2007. Late marine isotope stage 3 palaeoclimate for East Asia: a data-model comparison. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 250:167–83.
Zhang, D., Chen, F. H., Bettinger, R. L., Barton, L., Ji, D. X., Morgan, C. T., Wang, H., Chen, X. Z. & Dong, G. H. 2010. Archaeological records of Dadiwan in the past 60 ka and the origin of millet agriculture. Chinese Science Bulletin 55:1636–42.
Zhao, H., Chen, F., Li, S., Wintle, A. G., Fan, Y. & Xia, D. 2007. A record of Holocene climate change in the Guangzhong Basin, China, based on optical dating of a loess-paleosol sequence. The Holocene 17:1015–22.
Zhou, W.J., Dodson, J., Head, M. J., Li, B. S., Hou, Y. J., Lu, X. F., Donahue, D. J. & Jull, A.J.T. 2002. Environmental variability within the Chinese desert-loess transition zone over the last 20 000 years. The Holocene 12:107112.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Antiquity
  • ISSN: 0003-598X
  • EISSN: 1745-1744
  • URL: /core/journals/antiquity
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *
×

Keywords:

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 23 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 150 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 13th June 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.