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Separating the effects of acoustic and phonetic factors in linguistic processing with impoverished signals by adults and children

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 October 2012

SUSAN NITTROUER  and
JOANNA H. LOWENSTEIN
SUSAN NITTROUER*
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
JOANNA H. LOWENSTEIN
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
*
ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE Susan Nittrouer, Eye and Ear Institute, Ohio State University, 915 Olentangy River Road, Room 4022, Columbus, OH 43212. E-mail: nittrouer.1@osu.edu
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Abstract

Cochlear implants allow many individuals with profound hearing loss to understand spoken language, even though the impoverished signals provided by these devices poorly preserve acoustic attributes long believed to support recovery of phonetic structure. Consequently, questions may be raised regarding whether traditional psycholinguistic theories rely too heavily on phonetic segments to explain linguistic processing while ignoring potential roles of other forms of acoustic structure. This study tested that possibility. Adults and children (8 years old) performed two tasks: one involving explicit segmentation, phonemic awareness, and one involving a linguistic task thought to operate more efficiently with well-defined phonetic segments, short-term memory. Stimuli were unprocessed (UP) signals, amplitude envelopes (AE) analogous to implant signals, and unprocessed signals in noise (NOI) that provided a degraded signal for comparison. Adults’ results for short-term recall were similar for UP and NOI, but worse for AE stimuli. The phonemic awareness task revealed the opposite pattern across AE and NOI. Children's results for short-term recall showed similar decrements in performance for AE and NOI compared to UP, even though only NOI stimuli showed diminished results for segmentation. Conclusions were that perhaps traditional accounts are too focused on phonetic segments, something implant designers and clinicians need to consider.

Type
Articles
Information
Applied Psycholinguistics , Volume 35 , Issue 2 , March 2014 , pp. 333 - 370
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012 

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