Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T19:22:17.668Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Royal Lodgings at The Tower of London 1216–1327

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 April 2016

Simon Thurley
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

One of the factors which has increasingly come to dominate any discussion of royal residences is the fact that there was a considerable specialization in function between them. Particular residences were used for specific purposes — those purposes may have been influenced by their geographical location, their physical arrangement or merely the monarch’s preferences. The purpose of this paper is to examine the royal lodgings at the Tower of London as used between 1216 and 1327 in exactly this way. It is an attempt to analyze the function of a residence and how that function — a highly specialized one — affected the form of the buildings and the timing of their construction.

Type
Research Article
Information
Architectural History , Volume 38 , 1995 , pp. 36 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Notes

1 Pipe Roll 18 Henry II (Pipe Roll Society XVIII, 1894), 144.

2 PRO E372/70 rot 13; Rot. Litt. Claus., 2 vols (Record Commission 1833-4), 11, 49, 115.

3 Curnow, P., ‘The Wakefield Tower, Tower of London, Ancient Monuments and their interpretation, Essays presented to A. J. Taylor, ed. Apted, M. R., Gilyard-Beer, R. and Saunders, A. D. (London 1977), pp. 161-63, 171-73Google Scholar; Parnell, G., ‘The Western Defences of the Inmost Ward, Tower of London’, London and Middlesex Archaeological Society, XXXIV (1984), 113–15, 119Google Scholar; Curnow, P., ‘The Bloody Tower’, in The Tower of London: its buildings and institutions, ed. Charlton, J., (London 1978), pp. 55–57 Google Scholar; Historic Royal Palaces archive (unpublished report) D. Gadd, ‘The Excavation of a trench east of the Wakefield Tower, Tower of London 1992’.

4 Cal. Close Rolls, 1231-34, pp.77, 90, 109, 210; Caf Liberate Rolls, 1226-40, p. 166.

5 Paris, Matthew, Chronica Majora, 6 vols. (Rolls Series 1872-83), 111, 362-63Google Scholar.

6 Ibid., Chronica Majora, 11, 404-05; 111, 474-79.

7 Colvin, H. M., ed., The History of the King’s Works, 6 vols (London 1963-82), 11, 713 Google Scholar.

8 P. Curnow, op. cit., pp. 168-70.

9 Cal. Liberate Rolls, 1226-40, pp. 315-16.

10 Ibid., pp. 414, 453.

11 Ibid., pp. 352, 444, 453.

12 Ibid., 1240-45, p. 62.

13 H. M. Colvin, ed., op. cit., 11, 712.

14 Bayley, J., The History and Antiquities of the Tower of London with biographical anecdotes, etc (London 1821), pp. 14–15 Google Scholar; Matthew Paris, op. cit., IV, 93-94.

15 J. Bailey, op. cit., p. 16.

16 Flores Historiarum, ed., Luard, H.R., 3 vols (Rolls Series 1890), 11, 464 Google Scholar.

17 Williams, G., Medieval London: from Commerce to Capital, (London 1963), p. 45 Google Scholar.

18 H. M. Colvin, ed., op. cit., 11, 713; G. Parnell, op.cit., pp. 115, 117.

19 J. Bayley, op. cit., 1, 18; CPR, 1258-66, p. 155.

20 PRO Works 31/171, 182. 183.

21 Ibid.

22 P. Curnow, op. cit., p. 171; Clark, G. T., Medieval Military Architecture in England, 2 vols, (1884), 11, 222-23Google Scholar; PRO E372/125 rot.21.

23 P. Curnow, op. cit., pp. 161-63,; D. Gadd, op. cit.

24 H. M. Colvin, op. cit., v, 383; PRO Works 6/16, pp. 54-6.

25 G. Williams, (1963) op. cit., p. 217.

26 Ibid., p. 218.

27 Ibid., pp. 222-23, 231.

28 Ibid., pp. 239; J. Bayley, op. cit., pp. 22-24.

29 Safford, E. W., ed., Itinerary of Edward I, (List & Index Society, CIII and CXXXII, 1974 and 1976), pt.1, p. 34 Google Scholar; PRO E372/125, rot.3d,vii.

30 G. Williams, (1963), op. cit., pp. 243-68; Williams, G., ‘London and Edward I’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, 11, (1961), 81–98 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; H. M. Colvin, ed., op. cit., 11, p. 722.

31 E. W. Safford, op. cit., 1, 53, 63, 76, 88, 93, 102, 135, 290; 11, 48, 50, 64, 144.

32 PRO E101/467/10 m.1.

33 PRO E372/120 m.2. Although this text is badly rubbed and corrupt, PRO E352/69 (Chancellors Roll, 4.Ed.I.) provides the full text with some additional items.

34 Cat. Close Rolls, 1272-79, pp. 265, 362.

35 PRO E372/121 rot.comp. 2 d.

36 Ibid and PRO C/47/3/47 M.1.

37 PRO E 372/121 rot comp 2 dors; PRO C 47/3/47 M. 1.

38 P. Curnow, op. cit., pp. 168-69.

39 PRO SPI/70 f.112; Bodleian Library, Rawlinson M.S. D775 f.206.; L.F.Salzman, , Building in England down to 1540, (Oxford 1952), pp. 579-80Google Scholar; H. M. Colvin, ed., op. cit., pp. 266-67.

40 PRO Work 14.2/2 and PRO Works 51/137 f67v, 88v.

41 PRO E372/121 rot.comp. 2 d.

42 Dover Castle archives (formerly the Surrenden Collection) regulations concerning the opening of the portcullis there. Mr Jonathan Coade of English Heritage kindly gave me a photocopy of this.

43 PRO C 47/3/47 M.1, 2.

44 Prestwich, M., Edward I (London 1988), pp. 264-65Google Scholar; G. Williams, (1961), op. cit., pp. 81-82; G. Williams, op. cit. (1963), pp 254-55.

45 Hallam, E., ed., Itinerary of Edward II (List & Index Society, CCXI, 1984), p. 240 Google Scholar.

46 PRO E101/468/21 f87v.

47 G. Williams, (1963), pp. 286-88.

48 E. Hallam, ed., op. cit., pp. 213, 214, 216, 217.

49 Stones, E. L. G., ‘The Date of Roger Mortimer’s Escape from the Tower of London’, English Historical Review, LXVI (1951), 97–98 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

50 Cal. Close Rolls, 1323-27, p. 563; Rymer, , Foedera, Record Commission, 11, 651, 629, 2031Google Scholar; E. Hallam, ed. op. cit., p. 284.

51 Edward Goldsmith ed., 11, 32-33.

52 Rymer, p. 203; Cal.Close Rolls, 1323-27, p. 563.

53 PRO E101/469/7 m.5.

54 Ibid.

55 PRO E101/469/7 m.4.

56 G. Williams, (1963), op. cit., pp. 295-98; Vickers, K. H., England in the late Middle Ages (London 1913), pp. 133-34Google Scholar.

57 PRO E101/469/7 m.4.

58 PRO E101/469/7 m.4,8.

59 PRO E101/469/7 m.11.

60 T. F. Tout, , The Place of the Reign of Edward II in English History, (revised edition 1936), pp. 158-60Google Scholar.

61 Cal. Patent Rolls, 1307-13, p. 287; Cal. Close Rolls, 1318-23, p. 258.

62 PRO E101/470/8 m.2,3.

63 PRO E101/470/8 m.3; E101/470/6 m.7; E101/470/1 m.6.

64 PRO E101/470/8 m.3.

65 Tout, , Chapters in the Administrative History of Mediaeval England, 6 vols, (1928-33), IV, 479 Google Scholar.

66 ibid., p. 465, n.l.

67 Ormrod, W. M., The Reign of Edward III, (London 1993), pp. 174-75Google Scholar; G. Williams, (1963), op. cit., pp. 299-300

68 W. M. Ormrod, op. cit., p. 14; McKisack, M., The Fourteenth Century (Oxford 1959), p. 168 Google Scholar.

69 On a rough basis relying on the printed calendars for the patent rolls and letters from the king and those sealed with the privy seal.