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The Ukrainians in Galicia under Austrian Rule1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Ivan L. Rudnytsky
Affiliation:
American University

Extract

On the eve of World War I the Ukrainian inhabitants of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy numbered some four million. They were divided among the Austrian provinces of Galicia (3,380,000) and Bukovina (300,000) and the Kingdom of Hungary (470,000).2 In each of these three territories the Ukrainians lived under quite different conditions; hence, a historian should treat each of the three groups as a separate entity. Since the Galician Ukrainians were not only the most numerous but also historically by far the most important, this paper will deal only with them.

Type
The Slovaks, Ukrainians (Ruthenians), Rumanians, and Italians
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1967

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References

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14 The text of this petition, as well as that of the May 10 manifesto, which is mentioned below, can be found in Levyc'kyj, Kost', Istorija polityčnoji dumky halyc'kych ukrajinciv 1848–1914 [A History of the Political Thought of the Galician Ukrainians, 1848–1914] (Lvov: By the author, 1926), pp. 17 and 2124Google Scholar. For a brief account of the Ukrainian participation in the 1848 revolution, see Baran, Stepan, Vesna narodiv v austro-uhors'kij Ukrajini [The Springtime of the Peoples in the Austro-Hungarian Ukraine] (Munich: Akademija, 1948)Google Scholar. I have also had the opportunity to consult the manuscript of a study by Bohachevsky-Chomiak, Martha on The Spring of a Nation: the Ukrainians in 1848, which is scheduled for publication by the Ševčenko Scientific Society of America.Google Scholar

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27 Franko, Ivan, “Naš pohljad na pol's'ke pytannja” [Our View of the Polish Question], Vybrani suspil'no-polityčni i filosofs'ki tvory [Selected Social-Political and Philosophical Works] (Kiev: Deržavne vydavnyctvo polityčnoji literatury URSR, 1956), p. 282.Google Scholar

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43 Drahomanov devoted much space in his memoirs to his early relations with Galicia. See his Avstro-rus'ki spomyny 1867–77 [Austro-Ruthenian Memoirs, 1867–1877] (4 vols., Lvov: Ševčenko Scientific Society, 18891892)Google Scholar. A bibliography of Drahomanov's published correspondence with various Galicians can be found in Rudnytsky, Ivan L. (ed.), Mykhaylo Drahomanov: a Symposium and Selected Writings (a special issue of the Annals of the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S.) (New York: Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences in the U. S., 1952), pp. 131140Google Scholar. See also Bilinsky, Yaroslav, “Drahomanov, Franko, and the Relations between the Dnieper Ukraine and Galicia,” The Annals of the Ukrainian Academy, Vol. VII, No. 1–2 (1959), pp. 15421566.Google Scholar

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53 Encyklopedija Ukrajinoznavatva, Pt. 1, p. 149.Google Scholar

54 The “parcelling” procedures are vividly described in Vojnarovs'kyj, Tyt, “Spohady z moho žyttja” [Memoirs of My Life], in Istorycni postati Halyčyny XIX–XX st. [Galicia's Historical Figures of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries] (New York: Ševčenko Scientific Society, 1961)Google Scholar. Rev. Vojnarovs'kyj was an eminent agrarian reformer and a close adviser of Metropolitan Andrej Šeptyc'kyj.

55 For a detailed survey, see Vytanovyč, Ilja, Istorija ukrajins'koho kooperatyvnoho ruchu [A History of the Ukrainian Cooperative Movement] (New York: Ukrainian Economic Advisory Association, Inc., 1964), pp. 134167.Google Scholar

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67 Governor Michał Bobrzyński's memoirs provide valuable information on this subject. See Bobrzyński, , Z moich pamiętnikówGoogle Scholar. See also the monographic study by Buszko, Jozef, Sejmowa reforma wyborcza w Galicji 1905–1914 [Electoral Reform for the Galician Diet, 1905–1914] (Warsaw: Paristwowe wydawnictwo naukowe, 1956)Google Scholar. A contemporary work, full of brilliant insight, is Kulczycki, Ludwik, Ugoda polsko-ruska [The Polish-Ruthenian Compromise] (Lvov: Drukarnia Udzialowa, 1912).Google Scholar

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70 In 1911–1912 there were 70 Polish and 8 Ukrainian Gymnasia for boys, 20 Polish and 1 Ukrainian Gymnasium for girls, and 14 Polish and no Ukrainian Realschule (technical schools) in Galicia. Hugelmann, , Das Nationalitätenrecht des alten Österreichs, p. 709.Google Scholar

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