¹ I record my thanks to Dr D.A. Welsby, who independently arrived at a critical view of Antonine I and II, and with whom it was originally intended to write a joint paper. While grateful to Dr Welsby for discussion, I am solely responsible for the present paper, the views expressed, and for any errors. I would also like to thank the following, who have read or commented on various versions of this paper, and offered support and constructive discussion: Mr P.T. Bidwell, Dr D.J. Breeze, Mr J.G. Crow, Mr CM. Daniels, and Dr V.A. Maxfield. Abbreviations used in the notes are: PSAS = Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. RCAHMS = Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland. TDGNHAS = Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Natural History and Antiquarian Society.

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³⁴ ibid.

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