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Mashela, P. W. 2017. Interrelations between commercial beetroot (Beta vulgaris) cultivars and Meloidogyne species. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, Vol. 67, Issue. 2, p. 164.
Clifford, Tom Bell, Oliver West, Daniel J. Howatson, Glyn and Stevenson, Emma J. 2017. The effects of beetroot juice supplementation on indices of muscle damage following eccentric exercise. European Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 116, Issue. 2, p. 353.
d’El-Rei, Jenifer Cunha, Ana Rosa Trindade, Michelle and Neves, Mario Fritsch 2017. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Nitrate on Endothelial Function and Blood Pressure Levels. International Journal of Hypertension, Vol. 2016, p. 1.
dos Santos Baião, Diego Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam Paschoalin, Vânia Margaret Flosi and Alvares, Thiago Silveira 2017. Quantitative and Comparative Contents of Nitrate and Nitrite in Beta vulgaris L. by Reversed-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Fluorescence. Food Analytical Methods, Vol. 9, Issue. 4, p. 1002.
Guldiken, Burcu Toydemir, Gamze Nur Memis, Kubra Okur, Sena Boyacioglu, Dilek and Capanoglu, Esra 2017. Home-Processed Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) Products: Changes in Antioxidant Properties and Bioaccessibility. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue. 6, p. 858.
McIlvenna, Luke C. Monaghan, Chris Liddle, Luke Fernandez, Bernadette O. Feelisch, Martin Muggeridge, David J. and Easton, Chris 2017. Beetroot juice versus chard gel: A pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic comparison of nitrate bioavailability. Nitric Oxide,
Song, Haizhao Chu, Qiang Xu, Dongdong Xu, Yang and Zheng, Xiaodong 2017. Purified Betacyanins fromHylocereus undatusPeel Ameliorate Obesity and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Vol. 64, Issue. 1, p. 236.
Turner, Jeffrey M. and Spatz, Erica S. 2017. Nutritional Supplements for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Practical Guide for Clinicians. Current Cardiology Reports, Vol. 18, Issue. 12,
van den Born, Joost C. Hammes, Hans-Peter Greffrath, Wolfgang van Goor, Harry and Hillebrands, Jan-Luuk 2017. Gasotransmitters in Vascular Complications of Diabetes. Diabetes, Vol. 65, Issue. 2, p. 331.
Ashor, A W Jajja, A Sutyarjoko, A Brandt, K Qadir, O Lara, J and Siervo, M 2017. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on microvascular blood flow in older overweight and obese subjects: a pilot randomised controlled study. Journal of Human Hypertension, Vol. 29, Issue. 8, p. 511.
Ashworth, Ann Mitchell, Klaus Blackwell, Jamie R Vanhatalo, Anni and Jones, Andrew M 2017. High-nitrate vegetable diet increases plasma nitrate and nitrite concentrations and reduces blood pressure in healthy women. Public Health Nutrition, Vol. 18, Issue. 14, p. 2669.
Bakker, Emily Engan, Harald Patrician, Alexander Schagatay, Erika Karlsen, Trine Wisløff, Ulrik and Gaustad, Svein Erik 2017. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves arterial endothelial function at high altitude: A double-blinded randomized controlled cross over study. Nitric Oxide, Vol. 50, p. 58.
Cheng, H.M. Cheng, H.K. and George, T.W. 2017. The effect of red and yellow beetroot juices on blood pressure in free-living normotensive males: a pilot study. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol. 74, Issue. OCE5,
Clifford, Tom Howatson, Glyn West, Daniel and Stevenson, Emma 2017. The Potential Benefits of Red Beetroot Supplementation in Health and Disease. Nutrients, Vol. 7, Issue. 4, p. 2801.
Esatbeyoglu, Tuba Wagner, Anika E. Schini-Kerth, Valérie B. and Rimbach, Gerald 2017. Betanin-A food colorant with biological activity. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Vol. 59, Issue. 1, p. 36.
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Jagannath, A. Kumar, Manoranjan and Raju, P S 2017. The recalcitrance of oxalate, nitrate and nitrites during the controlled lactic fermentation of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables. Nutrition & Food Science, Vol. 45, Issue. 2, p. 336.
James, Philip E. Willis, Gareth R. Allen, Jason D. Winyard, Paul G. and Jones, Andrew M. 2017. Nitrate pharmacokinetics: Taking note of the difference. Nitric Oxide, Vol. 48, p. 44.
Mills, Charlotte E. Govoni, Virginia Casagrande, Maria Linda Faconti, Luca Webb, Andrew J. and Cruickshank, J. Kennedy 2017. Design and progress of a factorial trial testing the effect of spironolactone and inorganic nitrate on arterial function in people at risk of or with type 2 diabetes. Artery Research, Vol. 12, p. 48.
Salloum, Fadi N Sturz, Gregory R Yin, Chang Rehman, Shabina Hoke, Nicholas N Kukreja, Rakesh C and Xi, Lei 2017. Beetroot juice reduces infarct size and improves cardiac function following ischemia–reperfusion injury: Possible involvement of endogenous H2S. Experimental Biology and Medicine, Vol. 240, Issue. 5, p. 669.
A number of vegetables have a high nitrate content which after ingestion can be reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria, and further to vasoprotective NO endogenously. In the present study, two separate randomly controlled, single-blind, cross-over, postprandial studies were performed in normotensive volunteers. Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) was measured over a 24 h period following consumption of either four doses of beetroot juice (BJ), 0, 100, 250 and 500 g (n 18), or three bread products, control bread (0 g beetroot), red beetroot- and white beetroot-enriched breads (n 14). Total urinary nitrate/nitrite (NOx) was measured at baseline, and at 2, 4 and 24 h post-ingestion. BJ consumption significantly, and in a near dose-dependent manner, lowered systolic BP (SBP, P < 0·01) and diastolic BP (DBP, P < 0·001) over a period of 24 h, compared with water control. Furthermore, bread products enriched with 100 g red or white beetroot lowered SBP and DBP over a period of 24 h (red beetroot-enriched bread, P <0·05), with no statistical differences between the varieties. Total urinary NOx significantly increased following the consumption of 100 g (P < 0·01), 250 g (P <0·001) and 500 g BJ (P <0·001) and after red beetroot-enriched bread ingestion (P <0·05), but did not reach significance for white beetroot-enriched bread compared with the no-beetroot condition. These studies demonstrated significant hypotensive effects of a low dose (100 g) of beetroot which was unaffected by processing or the presence of betacyanins. These data strengthen the evidence for cardioprotective BP-lowering effects of dietary nitrate-rich vegetables.
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