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Anjum, Naser A. Rodrigo, Miguel Angel Merlos Moulick, Amitava Heger, Zbynek Kopel, Pavel Zítka, Ondřej Adam, Vojtech Lukatkin, Alexander S. Duarte, Armando C. Pereira, Eduarda and Kizek, Rene 2017. Transport phenomena of nanoparticles in plants and animals/humans. Environmental Research, Vol. 151, p. 233.
Fröhlich, Esther and Fröhlich, Eleonore 2017. Cytotoxicity of Nanoparticles Contained in Food on Intestinal Cells and the Gut Microbiota. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol. 17, Issue. 4, p. 509.
Fröhlich, Eleonore and Roblegg, Eva 2017. Oral uptake of nanoparticles: human relevance and the role of in vitro systems. Archives of Toxicology, Vol. 90, Issue. 10, p. 2297.
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Patel, Suhani Patel, Palak Undre, Sachin B. Pandya, Shivani R. Singh, Man and Bakshi, Sonal 2017. DNA binding and dispersion activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with UV/vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and physicochemical analysis at physiological temperature. Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 213, p. 304.
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Ammendolia, Maria Grazia Iosi, Francesca De Berardis, Barbara Guccione, Giuliana Superti, Fabiana Conte, Maria Pia Longhi, Catia and Chakravortty, Dipshikha 2017. Listeria monocytogenes Behaviour in Presence of Non-UV-Irradiated Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue. 1, p. e84986.
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Dietary microparticles are non-biological, bacterial-sized particles. Endogenous sources are derived from intestinal Ca and phosphate secretion. Exogenous sources are mainly titanium dioxide (TiO2) and mixed silicates (Psil); they are resistant to degradation and accumulate in human Peyer's patch macrophages and there is some evidence that they exacerbate inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether their intake differs between those with and without CD has not been studied. We aimed to identify dietary microparticle sources and intakes in subjects with and without CD. Patients with inactive CD and matched general practice-based controls (ninety-one per group) completed 7d food diaries. Intake data for dietary fibre and sucrose were compared as positive controls. All foods, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes were examined for microparticle content, and intakes of Ca and exogenous microparticles were compared between the two groups. Dietary intakes were significantly different between cases and controls for dietary fibre (12 (SD 5) v. 14 (sd 5) g/d; P=0.001) and sucrose (52 (sd 27) v. 45 (sd 18) g/d; P=0·04) but not for Ca. Estimated median TiO2 and Psil intakes (2·5 and 35mg/individual per d respectively, totalling 1012–1013 microparticles/individual per d) were broadly similar to per capita estimates and while there was wide variation in intakes between individuals there was no significant difference between subjects with CD and controls. Hence, if exposure to microparticles is associated with the inflammation of CD, then the present study rules out excess intake as the problem. Nonetheless, microparticle-containing foods have now been identified which allows a low-microparticle diet to be further assessed in CD.
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