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De Smet, Stefaan and Vossen, Els 2016. Meat: The balance between nutrition and health. A review. Meat Science, Vol. 120, p. 145.
Pouzo, L.B. Descalzo, A.M. Zaritzky, N.E. Rossetti, L. and Pavan, E. 2016. Antioxidant status, lipid and color stability of aged beef from grazing steers supplemented with corn grain and increasing levels of flaxseed. Meat Science, Vol. 111, p. 1.
Średnicka-Tober, Dominika Barański, Marcin Seal, Chris Sanderson, Roy Benbrook, Charles Steinshamn, Håvard Gromadzka-Ostrowska, Joanna Rembiałkowska, Ewa Skwarło-Sońta, Krystyna Eyre, Mick Cozzi, Giulio Krogh Larsen, Mette Jordon, Teresa Niggli, Urs Sakowski, Tomasz Calder, Philip C. Burdge, Graham C. Sotiraki, Smaragda Stefanakis, Alexandros Yolcu, Halil Stergiadis, Sokratis Chatzidimitriou, Eleni Butler, Gillian Stewart, Gavin and Leifert, Carlo 2016. Composition differences between organic and conventional meat: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 115, Issue. 06, p. 994.
Stark, Ken D. Van Elswyk, Mary E. Higgins, M. Roberta Weatherford, Charli A. and Salem, Norman 2016. Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid in the blood stream of healthy adults. Progress in Lipid Research, Vol. 63, p. 132.
Sweeney, Torres Lejeune, Alex Moloney, Aidan P. Monahan, Frank J. Gettigan, Paul Mc Downey, Gerard Park, Stephen D. E. and Ryan, Marion T. 2016. The application of transcriptomic data in the authentication of beef derived from contrasting production systems. BMC Genomics, Vol. 17, Issue. 1,
Tuo, Wenbin Li, Lei Lv, Yingjun Carrillo, Jose Brown, Dedra Davis, William C. Song, Jiuzhou Zarlenga, Dante and Xiao, Zhengguo 2016. Abomasal mucosal immune responses of cattle with limited or continuous exposure to pasture-borne gastrointestinal nematode parasite infection. Veterinary Parasitology, Vol. 229, p. 118.
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Lassek, William Day and Gaulin, Steven J.C. 2015. Maternal milk DHA content predicts cognitive performance in a sample of 28 nations. Maternal & Child Nutrition, Vol. 11, Issue. 4, p. 773.
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Butler, Gillian 2014. Manipulating dietary PUFA in animal feed: implications for human health. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, Vol. 73, Issue. 01, p. 87.
de Lorgeril, Michel and Salen, Patricia 2014. Helping women to good health: breast cancer, omega-3/omega-6 lipids, and related lifestyle factors. BMC Medicine, Vol. 12, Issue. 1,
Van Elswyk, Mary E. and McNeill, Shalene H. 2014. Impact of grass/forage feeding versus grain finishing on beef nutrients and sensory quality: The U.S. experience. Meat Science, Vol. 96, Issue. 1, p. 535.
Bò, Cristian Del Simonetti, Paolo Gardana, Claudio Riso, Patrizia Lucchini, Giorgio and Ciappellano, Salvatore 2013. Horse meat consumption affects iron status, lipid profile and fatty acid composition of red blood cells in healthy volunteers. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Vol. 64, Issue. 2, p. 147.
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Red meat from grass-fed animals, compared with concentrate-fed animals, contains increased concentrations of long-chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. However, the effects of red meat consumption from grass-fed animals on consumer blood concentrations of LC n-3 PUFA are unknown. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects on plasma and platelet LC n-3 PUFA status of consuming red meat produced from either grass-fed animals or concentrate-fed animals. A randomised, double-blinded, dietary intervention study was carried out for 4 weeks on healthy subjects who replaced their habitual red meat intake with three portions per week of red meat (beef and lamb) from animals offered a finishing diet of either grass or concentrate (n 20 consumers). Plasma and platelet fatty acid composition, dietary intake, blood pressure, and serum lipids and lipoproteins were analysed at baseline and post-intervention. Dietary intakes of total n-3 PUFA, as well as plasma and platelet concentrations of LC n-3 PUFA, were significantly higher in those subjects who consumed red meat from grass-fed animals compared with those who consumed red meat from concentrate-fed animals (P < 0·05). No significant differences in concentrations of serum cholesterol, TAG or blood pressure were observed between groups. Consuming red meat from grass-fed animals compared with concentrate-fed animals as part of the habitual diet can significantly increase consumer plasma and platelet LC n-3 PUFA status. As a result, red meat from grass-fed animals may contribute to dietary intakes of LC n-3 PUFA in populations where red meat is habitually consumed.
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