Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-2pzkn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-05-04T19:38:35.469Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of sucrose supplements on particle-associated carboxymethylcellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) activities in cattle given grass-silage-based diet

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Pekka Huhtanen  and
Hannele Khalili
Pekka Huhtanen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland
Hannele Khalili
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Helsinki, SF-00710 Helsinki, Finland
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Carboxymethylcellulase (EC 3.2.1.4; CMCase) and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8) activities were assayed in rumen fluid and from microbes closely associated either with rumen particulate material or with feed particles incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of cattle. The cattle were fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and a simple ‘T’-piece duodenal cannula and were given four diets in a 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. The basal diet (diet C) consisted of grass silage, barley and rapeseed meal (700, 240 and 60 g/kg total dry matter (DM)) given at the rate of 5·3 kg/d or supplemented with 1·0 kg sucrose/d given twice daily (diet S), twice daily with 0·25 kg sodium bicarbonate/d (diet B) or as a continuous intrarumen infusion (diet I). Giving sucrose supplements decreased CMCase and xylanase activities extracted from microbes associated with rumen particulate material or feed particles incubated in nylon bags as compared with diet C. Supplementation of the sucrose diet with sodium bicarbonate resulted in higher CMCase and xylanase activities than other sucrose diets (S and I). Particle-associated CMCase and xylanase activities were found to be very sensitive in detecting differences in the rumen environment and were related to changes in cell wall digestion. The activities were highly correlated with disappearance of DM and neutral-detergent fibre from nylon bags incubated in the rumen, rumen and total digestion of cell-wall carbohydrates and rumen pool size of cell-wall carbohydrates. It was concluded that the attachment of fibrinolytic enzymes is involved in the depression of fibre digestion. Particle-associated CMCase and xylanase activities were much higher when measured from rumen particulate material than from feed particles incubated in nylon bags.

Keywords

RuminantSucrose supplementsEnzyme activitiesFibre digestion
Type
Metabolism Effects of Diet
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 67 , Issue 2 , March 1992 , pp. 245 - 255
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1992

References

REFERENCES

Akin, D. E. (1979) Microscopic evaluation of forage digestion by rumen microorganisms: a review. Journal of Animal Science 48, 701–710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Akin, E. E. & Barton, F. E. (1983) Rumen microbial attachment and degradation of plant cell walls. Federation Proceedings 42, 114–121.Google ScholarPubMed
Bauchop, T. (1980) Scanning electron microscopy in the study of plant fragments in the gut. In Contemporary Microbial Ecology, pp. 305–325 [Ellwood, D.C., Hedger, J. N., Latham, M. J., Lynch, J. M. and Slater, J. H., editors]. London: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Cheng, K. J., Stewart, C. S., Dinsdale, D. & Costerton, J. W. (1984) Electron microscopy of bacteria involved in the digestion of plant cell walls. Animal Feed Science and Technology 10, 93–120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, G. S. (1985) The cellulase content of 15 species of entodiniomorphid protozoa, mixed bacteria and plant debris isolated from ovine rumen. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 104, 349–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehority, B. A. (1965) Degradation and utilization of isolated hemicellulose by pure cultures of cellulolytic bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology 89, 1515–1520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faichney, G. J. (1980) Measurement in sheep of the quantity and composition of rumen digesta and fractional outflow rates of digesta constituents. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 31, 1129–1137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, E. H. & Kohtes, L. (1951) Purification de l'invertase de levure. (Purification of yeast invertase.) Helvetica Chimica Acta 34, 1123–1131.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gill, J. L. (1988) Standard errors for split-split-plot experiments with repeated measurements. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 105, 329–336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Groleau, D. & Forsberg, C. W. (1981) Cellulolytic activity of the rumen bacterium. Bacteroides succinogenes. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 27, 517–530.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hiltner, P. & Dehority, B. A. (1983) Effect of soluble carbohydrates on digestion of cellulose by pure cultures of rumen bacteria. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 46, 642–648.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hoover, W. H. (1986) Chemical factors involved in ruminal fiber digestion. Journal of Dairy Science 69 2755 2766.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P. (1987) The effects of intraruminal infusions of sucrose and xylose on the nitrogen and fibre digestion in cattle receiving diets of grass silage and barley. Journal of Agricultural Science in Finland 59, 405–423.Google Scholar
Huhtanen, P. (1988) The effects of supplementation of silage diet with barley, unmolassed sugar beet pulp and molasses on organic matter, nitrogen and fibre digestion in the rumen of cattle. Animal Feed Science and Technology 20, 259–278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P. & Khalili, H. (1989) Microbial polysaccharidase activities associated with rumen particulate material and feed particles incubated in nylon bags in the rumen. Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 2, 400–401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huhtanen, P. & Khalili, H. (1990) The effect of sucrose supplements on microbial polysaccharidase activities associated with rumen particulate material. In The Rumen Ecosystem. The Microbial Metabolism and its Regulation, pp. 121–128. [Hoshino, S., Onodera, R., Minato, H. and Itabashi, H., editors]. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.Google Scholar
Hungate, R. E. (1966) Rumen and its Microbes. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Khalili, H. & Huhtanen, P. (1991) Sucrose supplements in cattle given grass silage based diets. 2. Digestion of cell wall carbohydrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology 33, 263–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latham, M. J., Brooker, B. E., Pettipher, G. L. & Harris, P. J. (1978) Adhesion of Bacteroides succinogenes in pure culture and in the presence of Ruminococcus flavefaciens to cell walls in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne). Applied and Environmental Microbiology 35, 1166–1173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McBurney, M. I., Allen, M. S. & van Soest, P. J. (1986) Praseodynium, and copper-exchange capacities of neutral-detergent fibres relative to composition and fermentation kinetics. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 39 666 672.Google Scholar
Mertens, D. R. (1977) Dietary fiber components: relationship to the rate and extent of ruminal digestion. Federation Proceedings 36, 187–192.Google Scholar
Meyer, J. H. & Mackie, R. I. (1986) Microbial evaluation of the intraruminal in sacculus technique. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 51, 622–629.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Minato, H., Endo, A., Oomoto, Y. & Uemura, T. (1966) Ecological treatise on the rumen fermentation. 2. The amylolytic and cellulolytic activities of the fractioned portions of attached to rumen solids. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 12, 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, J. & Cole, O. J. (1987) Relationship between cellulolytic activity and adhesion to cellulose in Ruminococcus albus. Journal of General Microbiology 133, 53–69.Google Scholar
Mould, F. L., Ørskov, E. R. & Mann, S. O. (1983) Associative effects of mixed feeds. I. Effect of type and level of supplementation and the influence of rumen fluid pH on cellulolysis in vivo and dry matter digestion of various roughages. Animal Feed Science and Technology 10, 15–30.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nossal, N. G. & Heppel, L. A. (1966) Release of enzymes by osmotic shock from Escherichia coli in exponential phase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 24, 3055–3062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogimoto, K. & Imai, S. (1981) Atlas of Rumen Microbiology, pp. 231. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.Google Scholar
Robinson, P. H., Tamminga, S. & van Vuuren, A. M. (1987) Influence of declining level of starch in the concentrate on rumen ingesta quantity, composition and kinetics of ingesta turnover in dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 17, 37–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Lee, N. H. & Armstrong, D. G. (1987) The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea, casein, glucose syrup and a mixture of casein and glucose syrup on nitrogen digestion in the rumen of cattle receiving grass silage diets. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 89–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, A. T., Wallace, R. J. & Ørskov, E. R. (1987) Use of particle-bound microbial activity to predict the rate and extent of fibre degradation in the rumen. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 407–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Gylswyk, N. O. & Schwartz, H. M. (1984) Microbial ecology of the rumen of animals fed high-fibre diets. In Herbivore Nutrition in the Subtropics and Tropics, pp. 359–377 [Gilchrist, F.M. and Mackie, R. I., editors]. Graighall, South Africa: The Science Press.Google Scholar
Williams, A. G. & Withers, S. E. (1982) The production of plant cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes by rumen isolates grown on a range of carbohydrate substrates. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 52 377 387.Google Scholar