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The energy and nutrient intakes of different types of vegetarian: a case for supplements?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Alizon Draper ,
Janet Lewis ,
Nina Malhotra  and
Late Erica Wheeler
Alizon Draper
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2 Taviton Street, London WClH OBT
Janet Lewis
Affiliation:
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Nobel House, 17 Smith Square, London SWl
Nina Malhotra
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2 Taviton Street, London WClH OBT
Late Erica Wheeler
Affiliation:
Centre for Human Nutrition, Department of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, 2 Taviton Street, London WClH OBT
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Abstract

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Vegetarians of three types were studied in Greater London:thirty-four meat-avoiders, fifty-two lacto- ovo-vegetarians, and thirty-eight vegans. Weighed dietary intake measures were made over 3 d. Cereals were the mainstay of the diet, supplemented by dairy products (demi-vegetarians and lacto-ovo- vegetarians), vegetables and fruit, and soya-bean products (vegans). Many vegans progressed by stages to complete avoidance of animal foods; some had retreated, but most were highly committed. Demi- vegetarians were the least involved in a ‘vegetarian lifestyle’. All groups had mean energy intakes close to the current dietary reference values (DRV), with adequate protein intakes. Only vegans had fat intakes close to current recommendations; all groups had high dietary po1yunsaturated:saturated fatty acid ratios. Mean intakes of all micronutrients studied for demi- and lacto-ovo-vegetarians met the UK DRV. Intakes of iodine, riboflavin, and vitamin B12 for vegans were below DRV; more than half considered their diets supplied all necessary vitamins. About 25% took some type of dietary supplement during the survey. The impact of low I intakes should be further studied, and it is recommended that ‘new’ vegetarians and vegans should use appropriate dietary supplements.

Keywords

VegetarianVeganMacronutrientsMicronutrientsDietary supplements
Type
Energy Balance and Nutrient Intakes
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 69 , Issue 1 , January 1993 , pp. 3 - 19
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 1993

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