Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-gtxcr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T00:22:26.268Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Exogenous dietary xylanase ameliorates viscosity-induced anti-nutritional effects in wheat-based diets for White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrinchos domesticus)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 March 2007

Olayiwola Adeola  and
Michael R. Bedford
Olayiwola Adeola*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
Michael R. Bedford
Affiliation:
Finnfeeds International Ltd, Marlborough, Wilts, UK
*
*Corresponding author fax +765 464 9346, Email ladeola@purdue.edu
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Nutrient utilisation and growth performance responses of White Pekin ducks (Anas platyrinchos domesticus) offered diets containing low- or high-viscosity wheat supplemented with xylanase were investigated in two studies. In Expt 1, six diets consisting of low-viscosity wheat or high-viscosity wheat supplemented with 0·0, 1·5 or 3·0 g xylanase (2590 units/g)/kg diet were used in a true metabolisable energy (TME) bioassay with eight 8-week-old ducks per diet group. In Expt 2, eight pens of ten 3-d-old ducks per pen for each of six wheat-based diets arranged in a 2×3 factorial of low-viscosity or high-viscosity wheat and 0·0, 1·5 or 3·0 g xylanase/kg were used in a 42 d growth study. High-viscosity wheat depressed (P>0·001) TME and xylanase supplementation improved (P>0·001) TME, more so for high-viscosity than low-viscosity wheat. Xylanase supplementation of the high-viscosity wheat-based diet improved (P>0·05) weight gain and gain:feed ratio by 13 and 12% respectively. There was no weight gain or gain:feed ratio response to xylanase supplementation of the low-viscosity wheat-based diet. Xylanase supplementation reduced (P>0·001) the viscosity of duodenal and ileal digesta for high-viscosity but not low-viscosity wheat-based diets. Ileal digestibilities of nutrients and energy were higher (P>0·001) for low-viscosity than high-viscosity wheat-based diets; xylanase supplementation improved (P>0·05) energy, fat, N and starch digestibilities. Given that xylanase supplementation of high-viscosity wheat assuaged its anti-nutritional effect, it is surmised that digesta viscosity plays a role in anti-nutritional effects in wheat-based diets for ducks.

Keywords

White Pekin ducksWheatXylanaseViscosityNutrient digestibility
Type
Research Article
Information
British Journal of Nutrition , Volume 92 , Issue 1 , July 2004 , pp. 87 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © The Nutrition Society 2004

References

1Adeola, O, Ragland, D & King, DFeeding and excreta collection techniques in metabolizable energy assays for ducks. Poult Sci 1997 76, 728–732.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2Ankrah, NO, Campbell, GL, Tyler, RT, Rossnagel, BG & Sokhansanj, SRTHydrothermal and β-glucanase effects on the nutritional and physical properties of starch in normal and waxy hull-less barley. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1999 81, 205–219.Google Scholar
3Annison, GCommercial enzyme supplementation of wheat based diets raises ileal glucanase activities and improves apparent metabolizable energy, starch and pentosan digestibilities in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1992 38, 105–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4Annison, G, Chot, M & Hughes, RJEnzymes and the nutritive value of lupins. In Proceedings of Australian Poultry Science Symposium, pp. 126–130. Sydney: Sydney University. 1995Google Scholar
5Association of Official Analytical Chemists Official Methods of Analysis, 16th ed Arlington, VA: AOAC. 1995Google Scholar
6Bedford, MR & Apajalahti, JMicrobial interactions in the response to exogenous enzyme utilisation. In Enzymes in Farm Animal Nutrition, pp. 299–314 [Bedford, MR and Patridge, GG, editors]. Wallingford, Oxon: CABI Publishing. 2001Google Scholar
7Bedford, MR & Classen, HLReduction of intestinal viscosity through manipulation of dietary rye and pentosanase concentration is affected through changes in carbohydrate composition of the intestinal aqueous phase and results in improved growth rate and feed conversion efficiency of broiler chicks. J Nutr 1992 122, 560–569.Google Scholar
8Brenes, A, Smith, M, Guenter, W & Marquardt, RREffect of enzyme supplementation on the performance and digestive tract size of broiler chickens fed wheat- and barley-based diets. Poult Sci 1993 72, 1731–1739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9Carre, B, Idi, A, Maisonnier, S, Melcion, J-P, Oury, F-X, Gomez, J & Pluchard, PRelationships between digestibility of food components and characteristics of wheats (Triticum aestivum) introduced as the only cereal source in broiler diet. Br Poult Sci 2002 43, 404–415.Google Scholar
10Choct, M & Annison, GAnti-nutritive activity of the wheat pentosans in broiler chicken: role of viscosity and gut microflora. Br Poult Sci 1992 33, 821–834.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11Choct, M, Hughes, RJ, Wang, J, Bedford, MR, Morgan, AJ & Annison, GIncreased small intestinal fermentation is partly responsible for the anti-nutritive activity of non-starch polysaccharides in chickens. Br Poult Sci 1996 37, 609–621.Google Scholar
12Czarnocki, J, Sibbald, IR & Evans, EVThe determination of chromic oxide in samples of feed and excreta by acid digestion and spectrophotometry. Can J Anim Sci 1961 41, 167–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
13Dänickle, S, Simon, O & Jeroch, HEstimation of endogenous N-losses in broilers by a 15N isotope dilution technique: effect of dietary fat type and xylanase addition. addition. Arch Anim Nutr 2000 53, 75–97.Google Scholar
14Dusel, G, Kluge, H & Jeroch, HXylanase supplementation of wheat-based rations for broilers: influence of wheat characteristics. Appl Poult Sci Res 1998 7, 119–131.Google Scholar
15Fincher, GB & Stone, BACell walls and their components. In Advances in Cereal Science and Technology, vol. 8, pp. 207–295 [Pomeranz, Y, editor]. St Paul, MN: AACC. 1986Google Scholar
16Friesen, OD, Guenter, W, Marquardt, RR & Rotter, BAThe effect of enzymes on the apparent metabolizable energy and nutrient digestibilities of wheat, barley, and rye for the young broiler chicks. Poult Sci 1992 71, 1710–1721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
17Hew, LI, Ravindran, V, Mollah, Y & Bryden, WLInfluence of exogenous xylanase supplementation on apparent metabolisable energy and amino acid digestibility in wheat for broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998 75, 83–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
18Isaksson, G, Lundquist, I & Ihse, IEffect of dietary fiber on pancreatic enzyme activity in vitro: the importance of viscosity, pH, ionic strength, absorption and time of incubation. Gastroenterology 1982 82, 918–924.Google Scholar
19Jaroni, D, Scheideler, SE, Beck, MM & Wyatt, CThe effect of dietary wheat middlings and enzyme supplementation II. Apparent nutrient digestibility, digestive tract, gut viscosity, and gut morphology in two strains of leghorn hens. Poult Sci 1999 78, 1664–1674.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20Johnson, IT & Gee, JMGastrointestinal adaptation in response to soluble non-available polysaccharides in the rat. Br J Nutr 1986 55, 497–505.Google Scholar
21King, D, Fan, MZ, Ejeta, G, Asem, EK & Adeola, OThe effects of tannins on nutrient utilisation in the White Pekin duck. Br Poult Sci 2000 41, 630–639.Google Scholar
22Langhout, DJ, Schutte, JB, de Jong, J, Sloetjes, H, Verstegen, MWA & Tamminga, SEffect of viscosity on digestion of nutrients in conventional and germ-fee chicks. Br J Nutr 2000 83, 533–540.Google Scholar
23McNab, JM & Blair, JCModified assay for true and apparent metabolizable energy based on the tube feeding. Br Poult Sci 1988 26, 697–707.Google Scholar
24Marron, L, Bedford, MR & McCracken, KJThe effects of adding xylanase, vitamin C and copper sulphate to wheat-based diets on broiler performance. Br Poult Sci 2001 42, 493–500.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25Pettersson, D & Aman, PEnzyme supplementation of a poultry diet containing rye and wheat. Br J Nutr 1989 62, 139–149.Google Scholar
26Scott, ML & Dean, WFNutrition and Management of Ducks. Ithaca, NY: M L Scott of Ithaca. 1991Google Scholar
27Scott, TA, Silversides, FG, Classen, HL, Swift, ML & Bedford, MREffect of cultivar and environment on the feeding value of Western Canadian wheat and barley samples with and without enzyme supplementation. Can J Anim Sci 1998 78, 649–656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28Sibbald, IRA bioassay for true metabolizable energy in feedstuffs. Poult Sci 1976 55, 303–308.Google Scholar
29Sibbald, IRA bioassay for available amino acids and true metabolizable energy in feedingstuffs. Poult Sci 1979 58, 668–673.Google Scholar
30Steenfeldt, S, Mũllertz, A & Jensen, JFEnzyme supplementation of wheat-based diets for broilers. I. Effect on growth performance and intestinal viscosity. Anim Feed Sci Technol 1998 75, 27–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
31Veldman, A & Vahl, HAXylanase in broiler diets with differences in characteristics and content of wheat. Br Poult Sci 1994 35, 537–550.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32Wiseman, J, Nicol, NT & Norton, GRelationship between apparent metabolisable energy (AME) values and in vivo / vitro starch digestibility of wheat for broilers. Worlds Poult Sci J 2000 56, 305–318.Google Scholar