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Farrar, Mark D. Huq, Raqib Mason, Sarah Nicolaou, Anna Clarke, Kayleigh A. Dew, Tristan P. Williamson, Gary Watson, Rachel E.B. and Rhodes, Lesley E. 2018. Oral green tea catechins do not provide photoprotection from direct DNA damage induced by higher dose solar simulated radiation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, Vol. 78, Issue. 2, p. 414.
Deuschle, Viviane C. K. N. Brusco, Indiara Piana, Mariana Faccin, Henrique de Carvalho, Leandro Machado Oliveira, Sara Marchesan and Viana, Carine 2018. Persea americana Mill. crude extract exhibits antinociceptive effect on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in mice. Inflammopharmacology,
Sharma, Pooja Montes de Oca, Mary K. Alkeswani, Amena R. McClees, Sarah F. Das, Tanushree Elmets, Craig A. and Afaq, Farrukh 2018. Tea polyphenols for the prevention of UVB-induced skin cancer. Photodermatology, Photoimmunology & Photomedicine, Vol. 34, Issue. 1, p. 50.
Lamuel-Raventos, Rosa M. and Onge, Marie-Pierre St. 2017. Prebiotic nut compounds and human microbiota. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Vol. 57, Issue. 14, p. 3154.
Calder, Philip C. Boobis, Alan Braun, Deborah Champ, Claire L. Dye, Louise Einöther, Suzanne Greyling, Arno Matthys, Christophe Putz, Peter Wopereis, Suzan Woodside, Jayne V. and Antoine, Jean-Michel 2017. Improving selection of markers in nutrition research: evaluation of the criteria proposed by the ILSI Europe Marker Validation Initiative. Nutrition Research Reviews, Vol. 30, Issue. 01, p. 73.
Megow, Inna Darvin, Maxim E. Meinke, Martina C. and Lademann, Jürgen 2017. A Randomized Controlled Trial of Green Tea Beverages on the in vivo Radical Scavenging Activity in Human Skin. Skin Pharmacology and Physiology, Vol. 30, Issue. 5, p. 225.
Hu, Shuting Zhang, Xinchen Chen, Feng and Wang, Mingfu 2017. Dietary polyphenols as photoprotective agents against UV radiation. Journal of Functional Foods, Vol. 30, p. 108.
Tang, Sheau-Chung Liao, Pei-Yun Hung, Sung-Jen Ge, Jheng-Siang Chen, Shiou-Mei Lai, Ji-Ching Hsiao, Yu-Ping and Yang, Jen-Hung 2017. Topical application of glycolic acid suppresses the UVB induced IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and COX-2 inflammation by modulating NF-κB signaling pathway in keratinocytes and mice skin. Journal of Dermatological Science, Vol. 86, Issue. 3, p. 238.
Shapovalova, Olga E. Levy, David Avnir, David and Vinogradov, Vladimir V. 2016. Protection of enzymes from photodegradation by entrapment within alumina. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Vol. 146, p. 731.
Corrêa, Rúbia C. G. Peralta, Rosane M. Haminiuk, Charles W. I. Maciel, Giselle Maria Bracht, Adelar and Ferreira, Isabel C. F. R. 2016. New phytochemicals as potential human anti-aging compounds: Reality, promise, and challenges. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, p. 1.
O'Neill, Catherine A. Monteleone, Giovanni McLaughlin, John T. and Paus, Ralf 2016. The gut-skin axis in health and disease: A paradigm with therapeutic implications. BioEssays, Vol. 38, Issue. 11, p. 1167.
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Clarke, Kayleigh A. Dew, Tristan P. Watson, Rachel E.B. Farrar, Mark D. Osman, Joanne E. Nicolaou, Anna Rhodes, Lesley E. and Williamson, Gary 2016. Green tea catechins and their metabolites in human skin before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Vol. 27, p. 203.
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Molinett, Sebastian Nuñez, Francisca Moya-León, María Alejandra and Zúñiga-Hernández, Jessica 2015. Chilean Strawberry Consumption Protects against LPS-Induced Liver Injury by Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Capability in Sprague-Dawley Rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol. 2015, p. 1.
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Setkowicz, M. Mastalerz, L. Gielicz, A. Wojas-Pelc, A. and Sanak, M. 2015. Lack of association ofALOX12andALOX15Bpolymorphisms with psoriasis despite altered urinary excretion of 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. British Journal of Dermatology, Vol. 172, Issue. 2, p. 337.
Green tea catechins (GTC) reduce UV radiation (UVR)-induced inflammation in experimental models, but human studies are scarce and their cutaneous bioavailability and mechanism of photoprotection are unknown. We aimed to examine oral GTC cutaneous uptake, ability to protect human skin against erythema induced by a UVR dose range and impact on potent cyclo-oxygenase- and lipoxygenase-produced mediators of UVR inflammation, PGE2 and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE), respectively. In an open oral intervention study, sixteen healthy human subjects (phototype I/II) were given low-dose GTC (540 mg) with vitamin C (50 mg) daily for 12 weeks. Pre- and post-supplementation, the buttock skin was exposed to UVR and the resultant erythema quantified. Skin blister fluid and biopsies were taken from the unexposed and the UVR-exposed skin 24 h after a pro-inflammatory UVR challenge (three minimal erythema doses). Urine, skin tissue and fluid were analysed for catechin content and skin fluid for PGE2 and 12-HETE by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem MS. A total of fourteen completing subjects were supplement compliant (twelve female, median 42·5 years, range 29–59 years). Benzoic acid levels were increased in skin fluid post-supplementation (P= 0·03), and methylated gallic acid and several intact catechins and hydroxyphenyl-valerolactones were detected in the skin tissue and fluid. AUC analysis for UVR erythema revealed reduced response post-GTC (P= 0·037). Pre-supplementation, PGE2 and 12-HETE were UVR induced (P= 0·003, 0·0001). After GTC, UVR-induced 12-HETE reduced from mean 64 (sd 42) to 41 (sd 32) pg/μl (P= 0·01), while PGE2 was unaltered. Thus, GTC intake results in the incorporation of catechin metabolites into human skin associated with abrogated UVR-induced 12-HETE; this may contribute to protection against sunburn inflammation and potentially longer-term UVR-mediated damage.
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