An Ismaili Interpretation of the Fall of Adam

^{page 691 note 1} Taimūrīya. ‘Aqā’id, 277.

^{page 691 note 2} London, 1933, p. 60.

^{page 691 note 3} Tritton, , Notes on some Ismaili MSS., JBSOS., VII, p. 37.

^{page 691 note 4} Ivanow, Guide, item 258.

^{page 692 note 1} MS., pp. 58 ff.

^{page 692 note 2} Baghdādī, , Al-Farq baina-l-Firaq, Cairo, 1910, p. 282, Eng. Trans]. Halkin, , Tel-Aviv, 1935, p. 138.Goldziher, , Streitschrift des Gazali gegen die Batinijja-Sekte, Leyden, 1916, pp. 40 if.

^{page 693 note 1} Cf. Kalām i Pīr, Bombay, 1935, p. 105 and Ivanow. An Ismailitic Work by Nā⋅iru-d-Din Ṭūsī, JRAS., 1931, p. 549.

^{page 693 note 2} Qur'ān, xx, 118.

^{page 693 note 3} In the text we have “Some of the Hudūd”, a word apparently describing an order of priesthood, see Kalām i Pīr, xliv.

^{page 693 note 4} A parallel to this will be found in the Druze Epistle MS., Paris, 1408, fol. 79. v., where the relationship of the third Adam to the second is described as follows: he was a religious, not a natural child.

^{page 694 note 1} Ivanow, JRAS., 1931, p. 549.

^{page 694 note 2} On the Sābiq and the Tali, see Sacy, Silvestre de, Exposé de la Religion des Druzes, Paris, 1838, i, Introduction, cxxi.

^{page 695 note 1} There are thus ten in all.

^{page 695 note 2} Kalām-i-Pīr, , Bombay, 1935.An Ismailitic Work, JRAS., 1931, p. 527. Two early Treatises, Ismaili, Bombay, 1933.

^{page 695 note 3} Ed. Cureton, p. 150.

^{page 695 note 4} A Creed of Fatimids, , Ivanow, , Bombay, 1936.

^{page 695 note 5} Kraus, P., “Raziana ii,” Orientalia, v.

^{page 695 note 6} MS. in School Oriental Studies Library, London, see Tritton in BSOS., VII, p. 35.

^{page 695 note 7} Hamdani, , “A compendium of Ismaili Esoterics,” Islamic Culture, xi, p. 210.

^{page 696 note 1} V. supra.

^{page 696 note 2} Doctrines regarding Adam which bear some affinity with these will also be found in the Ummu'l-Kitāb of the Ismailis of Central Asia. (Der Islam, 23, 1/2; REL, 1932, 419H, see index under Adam.)

^{page 696 note 3} See index of terms.

^{page 696 note 4} De Sacy, i, lxii, Maqrīzī, i, 291–5 (Casanova, , BIFAO., xvlii, 120 ff.).

^{page 696 note 5} p. 280 if. = Halkin, p. 138.

^{page 696 note 6} Streitsehrift, 40 ff.

^{page 697 note 1} Cairo Ed., iv, 113–16.

^{page 697 note 2} I had recently the opportunity of hearing a lengthy explanation of the doctrine by the Ismaili Imam of Masyaf.

^{page 697 note 3} Cf. Massignon, , Art. Karmatians in Encycl. of Islam, and Salman Pak, Paris, 1934, p. 19.

^{page 697 note 4} e.g. Baghdādi, 280 = Halkin, 135: “I bid you further urge them to accept the view that a multitude of men existed before Adam; this will be of assistance to you in teaching the pre-existence of the world.” An oral tradition still in circulation among Indian Israailis attributes to 'Ali the saying that there were many men before Adam.

^{page 697 note 5} Ivanow, , JRAS., 1931, p. 548.

^{page 697 note 6} Fol. 77, r.,

^{page 697 note 7} Hamdani, , Isl. Culture, xi, 214.

^{page 697 note 8} See article Adam Kadmon in Jewish Encyclopædia.

^{page 697 note 9} It should be noted that this third emanation is apparently a later addition to the Ismaili system, probably due to the Fatimid philosophers. In the earlier sources there are only two emanations, the Sābiq and the Tāli, corresponding to the universal intelligence and the universal soul of the Ras'il I khwāni-s-Ṣafa. See Hamdani, op. cit.

^{page 699 note 1} Qur'ān, vi, 164; xvii, 16; xxxv, 19; xxxix, 9.

^{page 699 note 2} In text .

^{page 702 note 1} Qur'ān, ii, 35.

^{page 703 note 1} i.e.