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Biology and management of North American cone-feeding Dioryctria species

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2012

C.M. Whitehouse ,
A.D. Roe ,
W.B. Strong ,
M.L. Evenden  and
F.A.H. Sperling
C.M. Whitehouse*
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
A.D. Roe
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
W.B. Strong
Affiliation:
Kalamalka Forestry Centre, British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Vernon, British Columbia, Canada V1B 2C7
M.L. Evenden
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
F.A.H. Sperling
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
*
2Corresponding author (e-mail: cmw7@ualberta.ca).
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Abstract

Coneworms, Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), are destructive pests of conifers across North America, and members of several different species groups present significant pest-management challenges in conifer seed orchards. Dioryctria abietivorella Grote (abietella group) is the most pestiferous Dioryctria species in Canada. Despite this status, control tactics are currently limited to broad-spectrum pesticides that threaten non-target species and may result in pesticide resistance. The development of integrated pest management programs targeting Dioryctria species will benefit from a conceptual framework on which to base future research. To create this structure, we review the systematics, evolutionary ecology, and management of cone-feeding North American Dioryctria species. Current research suggests that many species boundaries are in need of further revision. Major gaps in our understanding of Dioryctria ecology impede the development of integrated pest management tactics. For example, host-generated semiochemicals are important in Dioryctria reproduction, although the uses of these cues in host-finding and host acceptance remain unknown. Future research should identify factors that mediate population distribution at landscape (e.g., migration), local (e.g., feeding stimulants), and temporal (e.g., development thresholds) scales.

Résumé

Les pyrales des cônes, Dioryctria Zeller (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae), sont des ravageurs destructeurs des conifères dans toute l'Amérique du Nord et les membres de plusieurs groupes différents d'espèces représentent des défis importants de gestion dans les vergers à graines de conifères. Dioryctria abietivorella Grote (du groupe d'espèces de abietella) est l'espèce de Dioryctria la plus dommageable au Canada. Malgré ce statut, les tactiques de lutte se réduisent actuellement à l'utilisation de pesticides à large spectre qui menacent les espèces non ciblées et qui peuvent provoquer de la résistance aux pesticides. La mise au point de programmes de lutte intégrée contre les espèces de Dioryctria bénéficierait d'un cadre conceptuel sur lequel baser la recherche future. Afin d'élaborer une telle structure, nous faisons une revue de la systématique, de l'écologie évolutive et de la gestion des Dioryctria nord-américains qui se nourrissent de cônes. La recherche actuelle indique que plusieurs des frontières entre les espèces doivent être examinées à nouveau. Il demeure des failles importantes dans notre compréhension de l'écologie des Dioryctria qui entravent la mise au point de tactiques de lutte intégrée. Par exemple, les substances sémiochimiques générées par l'hôte sont d'importance pour la reproduction des Dioryctria, bien que le rôle de ces signaux dans la recherche et l'acceptation des hôtes reste inconnue. Les recherches futures devraient identifier les facteurs qui expliquent la répartition des populations à l'échelle du paysage (par exemple, la migration), à l'échelle locale (par exemple, les stimulants alimentaires) et à l'échelle temporelle (par exemple, les seuils de développement).

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The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 143 , Issue 1 , February 2011 , pp. 1 - 34
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Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2011

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