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EFFICACY OF PHOSMET AND AZINPHOSMETHYL FOR CONTROL OF MAJOR INSECT PESTS OF APPLE IN ONTARIO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

E. A. C. Hagley  and
Miko Chiba
E. A. C. Hagley
Affiliation:
Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0
Miko Chiba
Affiliation:
Research Station, Agriculture Canada, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0
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Abstract

Phosmet (Imidan 50% WP) applied at 1.22 kg a.i./ha controlled the codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh, and plum curculio, Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst, in Ontario apple orchards for more than 3 weeks. Although rain removed phosmet deposits and climatic conditions varied widely during 1971–76, results consistently showed that good pest control was obtained. Satisfactory results were also obtained with azinphosmethyl (Guthion 50% WP) applied at 0.45 kg a.i./ha. Toxicological studies showed that phosmet deposits on the lower surface of apple leaves produced 38–100% mortality of first instar codling moth larvae 15 days after application depending on the time the pesticide was applied. Fifty per cent and 95% lethal residues were 0.18–0.68 μg/cm2 and 0.50–1.36 μg/cm2 of leaf surface, respectively. The toxicity of the residues declined considerably 22 days after application.

A phosmet deposit of 0.5 μg/cm2 15–22 days after spray application is suggested as the minimum level required to obtain an economically acceptable level of control in the field.

Résumé

L’application de phosmet (Imidan 50% PM) à raison de 1,22 kg (m.a.)/ha s’est révélé efficace pendant plus de 3 semaines contre le carpo-capse de la pomme (Cydia pomonella (L.)), la mouche de la pomme (Rhagoletis pomonella Walsh) et le charançon de la prune (Conotrachelus nenuphar Herbst) dans les pommeries de l’Ontario. Bien que la pluie ait enlevé les dépôts de phosmet et que les conditions climatiques aient considérablement vairé de 1971 à 1976, les résultats s’accordent pour démontrer l’efficacité des produits. L’application d’azinphosméthyl (Guthion 50% PM) à raison de 0,45 kg (m.a.)/ha donne également des résultats satisfaisants. Les études toxicologiques révèlent que les dépôts de phosmet sur la face inférieure des feuilles de pommier provoquent une mortalité de 38 à 100% des larves du carpocapse (1er stade larvaire) 15 jours après l’application, selon l’époque de la pulvérisation. Les DL50 et DL95 de résidus se situent respectivement entre 0,18 et 0,68, et entre 0,50 et 1,36 μg/cm2 de surface foliaire. La toxicité des résidus diminue considérablement 22 jours après l’application.

Il semble qu’un dépôt de 0,5 μg/cm2 de produit 15 à 22 jours après la pulvérisation soit la dose minimale requise pour assurer un niveau économiquement acceptable de lutte en plein champ.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 112 , Issue 10 , 01 October 1980 , pp. 1075 - 1083
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1980

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