Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-dnltx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-17T06:46:44.261Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Morphology of testes, spermatogenesis, sperm bundles, and spermatozoa of Kerria chinensis (Hemiptera: Kerriidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2018

Lucksanaveejit Seubparu ,
Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon ,
Wijit Wisoram ,
David Merritt  and
Lertluk Ngernsiri
Lucksanaveejit Seubparu
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
Mingkwan Nipitwathanaphon
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Studied in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
Wijit Wisoram
Affiliation:
Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, 43 Moo6 Bangpra, Sriracha, Chonburi, 20110, Thailand
David Merritt
Affiliation:
School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
Lertluk Ngernsiri*
Affiliation:
Centre of Advanced Studied in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, 50 Ngamwongwan Road, Lat Yao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
*
1Corresponding author (e-mail: lertlukngernsiri@gmail.com)
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The filamentous spermatozoa of scale insects (Hemiptera) are highly modified compared with those of typical insects. Here, we investigate the morphology of the testes, sperm bundles, spermatozoa, and spermatogenesis of the wingless Kerria chinensis (Mahdihassan) (Hemiptera: Kerriidae), a shellac-producing scale insect. Each testis contains two antiparallel groups of several hundred syncytial sperm bundles. In each spermatocyte cyst, 16 primary spermatocytes divide via inverted meiosis, resulting in 16 quadrinucleated spermatids, each having two euchromatic and two heterochromatic nuclei. During spermiogenesis, each spermatid produces two spermatozoa protruding out of the spermatid close to the two euchromatic nuclei and their tails then grow in opposite directions. In each cyst, the 32 spermatozoa form two sperm bundles lying in an antiparallel direction oriented to different ends of the testis. Each spermatozoon has three distinct regions, an apex, a filamentous region and a tail. The spermatozoa have long thread-like nuclear cores that occupy about one-fourth of the sperm body length, located primarily in the posterior half. At the anterior end of the spermatozoon is a translucent, swollen vesicle and a distal, densely-stained structure; a putative acrosome of a type not previously reported in the spermatozoa of scale insects.

Type
Physiology, Biochemisty, Development, & Genetics
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 150 , Issue 5 , October 2018 , pp. 594 - 609
Copyright
© Entomological Society of Canada 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baccetti, B. 1972. Insect sperm cells. In Advances in insect physiology. Edited by J.W.L. Beament, J.E. Treherne, and V.B. Wigglesworth. Academic Press, New York, New York, United States of America. Pp. 315–397.Google Scholar
Bongiorni, S., Fiorenzo, P., Pippoletti, D., and Prantera, G. 2004. Inverted meiosis and meiotic drive in mealybugs. Chromosoma, 112: 331–341.Google Scholar
Brown, S.W. 1959. Lecanoid chromosome behavior in three more families of the Coccoidea (Homoptera). Chromosoma, 10: 278–300.Google Scholar
Brown, S.W. and Nelson-Rees, W.A. 1961. Radiation analysis of a lecanoid genetic system. Genetics, 46: 983–1007.Google Scholar
Brown, S.W. and Nur, U. 1964. Heterochromatic chromosomes in coccids. Science, 145: 130–136.Google Scholar
Chen, X., Chen, H., Feng, Y., He, R., and Yang, Z. 2011. Status of two species of lac insects in the genus Kerria from China based on morphological, cellular, and molecular evidence. Journal of Insect Science, 11: 106.Google Scholar
Cook, L.G., Gullan, P.J., and Trueman, H.E. 2002. A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA. Molecular Phylogenetic Evolution, 25: 43–52.Google Scholar
Cross, D.P. and Shellenbarger, D.L. 1979. The dynamics of Drosophila melanogaster spermatogenesis in in vitro cultures. Journal of Embryology and Experimental. Morphology, 53: 345–351.Google Scholar
Dallai, R., Gottardo, M., and Beutel, R.G. 2016. Structure and evolution of insect sperm: new interpretations in the age of phylogenomics. Annual Review of Entomology, 61: 1–23.Google Scholar
Dallai, R., Lupetti, P., and Mencarelli, C. 2006. Unusual axonemes of hexapod spermatozoa. International Review of Cytology, 254: 45–99.Google Scholar
Dias, G., Yotoko, K.S.C., Gomes, L.F., and Lino-Neto, J. 2012. Uncommon formation of two antiparallel sperm bundles per cyst in tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera). Naturwissenschaften, 99: 773–777.Google Scholar
Dikshith, T. 1965. Spermiogenesis in Laccifer lacca (Ker) (Lacciferidae-Coccoidea). Cytologia (Tokyo), 31: 302–308.Google Scholar
Fabian, L. and Brill, J.A. 2012. Drosophila spermiogenesis: big things come from little packages. Spermatogenesis, 2: 197–212.Google Scholar
Fabrizio, J.J., Hime, G., Lemmon, S.K., and Bazinet, C. 1998. Genetic dissection of sperm individualization in Drosophila melanogaster . Development, 125: 1833–1843.Google Scholar
Gullan, P.J. and Cook, L.G. 2007. Phylogeny and higher classification of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea). Zootaxa, 1668: 413–425.Google Scholar
Hardy, N.B. 2013. The status and future of scale insect (Coccoidea) systematics. Systematic Entomology, 38: 453–458.Google Scholar
Hodgson, C.J. and Hardy, N.B. 2013. The phylogeny of the superfamily Coccoidea (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha) based on the morphology of extant and extinct macropterous males. Systematic Entomology, 38: 794–804.Google Scholar
Howell, W.M. and Black, D.A. 1980. Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia, 36: 1014–1015.Google Scholar
Hughes-Schrader, S. 1935. The chromosome cycle of Phenacoccus (Coccidae). Biological Bulletin, 69: 462–468.Google Scholar
Hughes-Schrader, S. 1948. Cytology of coccids (Coccoidea-Homoptera). Advances in Genetics, 35: 127–203.Google Scholar
Jaipuriar, S.K., Teotia, T.P.S., Lakhotia, S.C., and Chauhan, N.S. 1984. A reinvestigation of the lecanoid chromosome system in Kerria lacca (Kerr). Cytobios, 42: 263–270.Google Scholar
Jamieson, B.G.M., Dallai, R., and Afzelius, B.A. 1999. Insects: their spermatozoa and phylogeny. Science Publishers, Enfield. New Hampshire, United States of America. Pp. 239–249.Google Scholar
Khosla, S., Mendiratta, G., and Brahmachari, V. 2006. Genomic imprinting in the mealybugs. Cytogenetic and Genome Research, 113: 41–52.Google Scholar
Lagowska, B. and Golan, K. 2009. Scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) as a source of natural dye and other useful substances. Aphids and other Hemipterous Insects, 15: 151–167.Google Scholar
Miller, D.R. and Kosztarab, M. 1979. Recent advances in the study of scale insects. Annual Review of Entomology, 24: 1–27.Google Scholar
Morotta, S. 1997. Biology: general life history. In World crop pests: soft scale insects: their biology, natural enemies and control. Edited by Y. Ben-Dov and C.J. Hodgson. Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Pp. 251–256.Google Scholar
Moses, M.J. and Wilson, M.H. 1970. Spermiogenesis in an Iceryine coccid, Steatococcus tuberculatus Morrison. Chromosoma, 30: 373–429.Google Scholar
Ngernsiri, L., Piyajaraprasert, W., Wisoram, W., and Merritt, D.J. 2015. Structure of the female reproductive system of the lac insect, Kerria chinensis (Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea: Kerriidae). Acta Zoologica, 96: 312–318.Google Scholar
Nur, U. 1962. Sperms, sperm bundles and fertilization in a mealy bug, Pseudococcus obscurus Essig. (Homoptera: Coccoidea). Journal of Morphology, 111: 173–199.Google Scholar
Paoli, F., Roversi, P.F., Mercati, D., Marziali, L., Cocco, A., and Dallai, R. 2015. The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis in four species of Coccoidea (Insecta, Homoptera). Zoologischer Anzeiger, 258: 69–81.Google Scholar
Phillips, D.M. 1970. Insect sperms: their structure and morphogenesis. Journal of Cell Biology, 44: 243–277.Google Scholar
Prantera, G. and Bongiorni, S. 2012. Mealybug chromosome cycle as a paradigm of epigenetics. Genetic Research International, 2012: 11.Google Scholar
Robinson, W.G. 1966. Microtubules in relation to the motility of a sperm syncytium and armored scale insects. Journal Cell Biology, 29: 251–265.Google Scholar
Robinson, W.G. 1972. Microtubular patterns in spermatozoa of coccid insects in relation to bending. Journal of Cell Biology, 52: 66–83.Google Scholar
Robinson, W.G. 1977. Ultrastructure of Coccoidea sperm. Research Division Bulletin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 127: 35–50.Google Scholar
Ross, J. and Robinson, W.G. 1969. Unusual microtubular patterns and three-dimensional movement of mealybug sperm and sperm bundles. Journal Cell Biology, 40: 426–445.Google Scholar
Ross, L., Pen, I., and Shuker, D.M. 2010. Genomic conflict in scale insects: the causes and consequences of bizarre genetic systems. Biological Reviews, 85: 807–828.Google Scholar
Sharma, N.K. 1991. Laboratory rearing of Kerria lacca (Kerr) (Homoptera: Coccoidea: Tachardiidae) on the fruits of pumpkin, Cucurbita moschata . Current Science, 61: 544–545.Google Scholar
Swiderski, Z. 1980. The fine structure of the sperm bundles of the coccid, Aspidiotus perniciosus Cumst., and sperm movement. International Journal of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, 2: 331–339.Google Scholar
Tokuyasu, K.T., Peacock, W.J., and Hardy, R.W. 1972. Dynamics of spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster . Zeitschrift Fur Zellforschung Und Mikroskopische Anatomie, 127: 492–525.Google Scholar