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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Optic Neuritis in Canada

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2020

Anubhav Garg
Affiliation:
Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Edward Margolin
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Jonathan A. Micieli*
Affiliation:
Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Kensington Vision and Research Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
*
Correspondence to: Dr. Jonathan A. Micieli, Kensington Vision and Research Centre, 340 College Street, Suite 501, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5T 3A9. E-mail: jmicieli@kensingtonhealth.org

Abstract:

Objective:

To describe clinical characteristics of Canadian patients with myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein immunoglobulin-G optic neuritis (MOG-IgG ON).

Methods:

Retrospective observational case series of MOG-IgG seropositive patients with ON referred to tertiary neuro-ophthalmology practices. Outcome measures included clinical characteristics, radiologic findings, and visual outcomes.

Results:

Forty-six eyes of 30 patients were included. Twenty-three (76.7%) were women, mean onset age was 40.7 years (range 16–77), and most were Caucasian. Seventeen (56.7%) presented with their first ON episode. Sixteen (53.3%) had bilateral eye involvement. Isolated ON without associated neurological symptoms occurred in 90.0%. In 22 patients with acute ON (seen within 1 month of onset), presenting mean visual acuity (VA) was 20/258 (logMAR 1.11), mean deviation (MD) on Humphrey visual fields was −16.90 ± 10.83 dB, and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness on ocular coherence tomography (OCT) was 164.23 ± 46.53 um. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) within 1 month of symptom onset for 19 patients demonstrated orbital optic nerve enhancement in 11 (57.9%) and perineural enhancement in 11 (57.9%). Brain MRI was normal in 28 (93.3%) patients. Twenty out of 22 patients with acute presentation were treated with high-dose glucocorticoids and 5 with plasma exchange in addition to corticosteroids. Long-term immunosuppression was utilized in 9 (30%) out of all 30 patients. Final VA was 20/30 (logMAR 0.18), MD was −7.17 ± 8.85 dB, and RNFL thickness was 72.15 ± 20.16 um.

Conclusion:

MOG-IgG ON in Canada has a variable presentation with most patients having substantial initial vision loss with good recovery. This is the largest characterization of the disease in Canada to date.

Résumé :

RÉSUMÉ :

Cas de névrite optique à anticorps anti-glycoprotéine de la myéline oligodendrocytaire (MOG)-immunoglobulines G observés au Canada.

Objectif :

Décrire les caractéristiques cliniques de patients canadiens atteints de névrite optique à anticorps anti-glycoprotéine de la myéline oligodendrocytaire -immunoglobulines de type G (NO-AAGMO-IgG).

Méthodes :

Recourir à une série de cas de patients atteints de NO et séropositifs aux AAGMO-IgG qui ont été observés et aiguillés par la suite vers des soins tertiaires en neuro-ophtalmologie ; se pencher ensuite sur certains aspects cliniques, sur leurs résultats à des examens radiologiques et sur l’évolution de leur vision.

Résultats :

Au total, 46 yeux appartenant à 30 patients, la plupart d’origine européenne, ont été inclus dans cette étude. De ce nombre de patients, 23 étaient de sexe féminin (76,7 %) ; de plus, l’âge moyen d’apparition des premiers symptômes était de 40,7 ans (étendue : 16 à 77 ans). Précisons que pour 17 d’entre eux, soit 56,7 %, il s’agissait d’un premier épisode de NO. Dans le cas de 16 patients, soit 53,3 %, leurs deux yeux étaient atteints par cette inflammation. Des cas isolés de NO sans symptômes neurologiques associés se sont produits chez 90,0 % des patients. Chez 22 patients présentant une NO aiguë et vus dans un délai d’un mois à partir de l’apparition de leurs premiers symptômes, l’acuité visuelle (AV) moyenne était de 20/258 (logMAR 1,11), l’écart moyen (EM) au test du champ visuel de Humphrey était de -16,90 ± 10,83 dB et l’épaisseur de la couche des fibres nerveuses rétiniennes péripapillaires mesurée par la technique de tomographie en cohérence optique était de 164,23 ± 46,53 μm. Des examens d’IRM orbitaire effectués chez 19 patients dans un délai d’un mois à partir de l’apparition de leurs premiers symptômes ont montré une amélioration du nerf optique dans sa portion orbitaire pour 11 d’entre eux (57,9 %) et une amélioration périnéale également pour 11 d’entre eux (57,9 %). Les résultats obtenus par IRM étaient normaux chez 28 patients (93,3 %). Sur les 22 patients présentant une NO aiguë, 20 ont été traités avec des glucocorticoïdes donnés à haute dose tandis que 5, outre l’administration de corticostéroïdes, l’ont été au moyen d’un échange de plasma. L’immunosuppression à long terme a été utilisée chez 9 patients sur 30 (30 %). À la fin, l’AV moyenne de ces patients était de 20/30 (logMAR 0,18), leur EM était de -7,17 ± 8,85 dB alors que l’épaisseur de la couche des fibres nerveuses rétiniennes péripapillaires était de 72,15 ± 20,16 μm.

Conclusion :

Au Canada, la NO-AAGMO-IgG est donc variable dans ses manifestations, la plupart des patients donnant à voir une perte substantielle de leur vision suivie d’un bon rétablissement. À ce jour, il s’agit en outre de la plus vaste étude de caractérisation de cette maladie au pays.

Type
Original Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc.

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