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Clinical Utility of the Envelope Task in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia

  • Sonia Marcone (a1) (a2), Jean-François Gagnon (a1) (a2), Sarah Lecomte (a1), Hélène Imbeault (a3), Frédérique Limoges (a1), Ronald B. Postuma (a2) (a4), Josie-Anne Bertrand (a1) (a2), Sven Joubert (a5) (a6) and Isabelle Rouleau (a1) (a7)...
Abstract

Objective: Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive function defined as the ability to perform an intention at an appropriate moment in the future. In the aging population, PM is essential for maintaining independent daily living. Introduced as a simple and quick way to assess PM in clinical settings, the envelope task has to date received very limited empirical and practical interest. Methods: The present study investigated the task’s clinical utility in detecting PM impairment in a sample composed of 49 healthy older adults (OA), 41 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and 64 individuals with amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of heterogeneous etiology: 17 of idiopathic nature, 20 presenting an idiopathic rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and 27 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Results: The envelope task was highly sensitive and specific in discriminating Alzheimer’s disease patients from OA. Although it was specific in distinguishing MCI individuals from OA, its sensitivity was modest, especially in patients presenting a nonamnestic MCI subtype. Conclusions: Given its high specificity and simple low-cost administration procedure, the envelope task is a promising instrument for clinicians who seek to rapidly assess PM impairment in their daily practice.

Contexte: La mémoire prospective (MP) est une fonction cognitive qui se définit par la capacité à effectuer une action à un moment préalablement déterminé dans le futur. La MP joue un rôle crucial chez les personnes âgées dans le maintien de leur indépendance fonctionnelle dans la vie quotidienne. Parmi les mesures de PM décrites dans la littérature, la tâche de l'enveloppe est une épreuve simple et rapide à administrer, mais pourtant rarement utilisée par les chercheurs et les cliniciens. Méthodologie: L'objectif de la présente étude était d'investiguer l'utilité clinique de cette épreuve dans la détection de troubles de la MP auprès d'un échantillon composé de 49 sujets sains, 41 patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer et 64 individus ayant un trouble cognitif léger (MCI) amnésique ou non-amnésique d'étiologies hétérogènes: 17 de nature idiopathique, 20 présentant un trouble comportemental en sommeil paradoxal et 27 atteints de la maladie de Parkinson. Résultats: La tâche de l'enveloppe s’est avérée très sensible et spécifique pour discriminer les patients atteints d’une maladie d’Alzheimer des sujets sains. Sa spécificité était bonne pour discriminer les MCI des sujets sains, mais la tâche de l’enveloppe demeurait peu sensible chez les MCI surtout chez les MCI non-amnésiques. Conclusion: En raison d’une grande spécificité et de la facilité d'administration, la tâche de l'enveloppe est donc une mesure intéressante pour tout de clinicien désirant rapidement évaluer la MP dans leur pratique.

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Corresponding author
Correspondence to: Isabelle Rouleau, Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888 succursale Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3C 3P8. E-mail: rouleau.isabelle@uqam.ca.
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