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Neuropsychiatric Lupus: Classification Criteria in Neuroimaging Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 September 2014

Tania M. Netto ,
Nicolle Zimmermann ,
Fernanda Rueda-Lopes ,
Bernardo C. Bizzo ,
Rochele P. Fonseca  and
Emerson L. Gasparetto
Tania M. Netto*
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro
Nicolle Zimmermann
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology-Human Cognition, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Fernanda Rueda-Lopes
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro
Bernardo C. Bizzo
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro
Rochele P. Fonseca
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology-Human Cognition, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
Emerson L. Gasparetto
Affiliation:
Department of Radiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro School of Medicine, Rio de Janeiro
*
Rua Mário Covas Jr. 135/907, Barra da Tijuca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, Email: tnetto@yahoo.com (T. Netto)
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Abstract

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This systematic review described the criteria and main evaluations methods procedures used to classify neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients. Also, within the evaluations methods, this review aimed to identify the main contributions of neuropsychological measurements in neuroimaging studies. A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS databases with the terms related to neuropsychiatric syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neuroimaging techniques. Sixty-six abstracts were found; only 20 were completely analyzed and included. Results indicated that the 1999 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria is the most used to classify NPSLE samples together with laboratorial, cognitive, neurological and psychiatric assessment procedures. However, the recommended ACR assessment procedures to classify NPSLE patients are being used incompletely, especially the neuropsychological batteries. Neuropsychological instruments and neuroimaging techniques have been used mostly to characterize NPSLE samples, instead of contributing to their classifications. The most described syndromes in neuroimaging studies have been seizure/cerebrovascular disease followed by cognitive dysfunctions as well as headache disorder.

Résumé:

Résumé:

Cette revue systématique décrit les critères et les principales méthodes d'évaluation utilisés pour classifier les patients atteints de lupus érythémateux aigu disséminé avec atteinte neuropsychiatrique (LÉADNP). Parmi les méthodes d'évaluation, cette revue a également pour objectif d'identifier les principales contributions des mesures neuropsychologiques dans les études de neuroimagerie. Nous avons effectué une recherche dans les bases de données PubMed, EMBASE et SCOPUS au moyen de mots clés en lien à des syndromes neuropsychiatriques, au lupus érythémateux aigu disséminé et aux techniques de neuroimagerie. Nous avons identifié 66 résumés dont seulement 20 ont été analysés complètement et inclus dans notre étude. Les résultats de cette analyse indiquent que les critères établis en 1999 par l'American College of Rheumatology (ACR) sont les plus utilisés pour classifier les échantillons de patients atteints de LÉADNP ainsi que les tests de laboratoire et les méthodes d'évaluation cognitive, neurologique et psychiatrique. Cependant, les critères recommandés par l'ACR pour classifier ces patient sont utilisés de façon incomplète, particulièrement les batteries neuropsychologiques. Les instruments neuropsycologiques et les techniques de neuroimagerie ont été utilisés surtout pour caractériser les échantillons de patients atteints de LÉADNP au lieu de servir à leur classification. Les syndromes les plus fréquemment décrits dans les études de neuroimagerie sont les crises convulsives/la maladie cérébrovasculaire suivies des dysfonctions cognitives et de la céphalée.

Type
Review Article
Information
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences , Volume 40 , Issue 3 , May 2013 , pp. 284 - 291
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological 2013

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