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Trace Amines and Mental Disorders

  • Alan A. Boulton (a1)
Summary:

In this brief review it will be possible to mention only superficially the bioclinical, behavioral, neurochemical, neuropharmacological and neurophysiological evidence to support the view that some of the trace amines [meta- and paratyramine (m-TA, p-TA), β-phenylethylamine (PE) and tryptamine (T)] may play a significant role in the propagation of nervous impulses and perhaps be involved in the etiology of certain mental disorders. More detailed comments will be found in some recent papers and reviews (Axelrodet al, 1976; Boulton, 1974, 1976, 1978, 1979; Boulton and Baker, 1975; Boulton and Juorio, 1979; Faurbye, 1968; Mosnaim and Wolfe, 1978; Sandler and Reynolds, 1976; Wyatl et al, 1977).

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Copyright
Corresponding author
Psychiatric Research Division, University Hospital, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X0, Canada
References
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Axelrod, J., Saavedra, J. and Usdin, E. (1978). In, Trace Amines and the Brain. (Eds. Usdin, E. and Sandler, M.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 120.
Boulton, A.A. (1974). Amines and theories in psychiatry. Lancet, 2, 7871.
Boulton, A.A. (1976). In, Trace Amines and the Brain. (Eds. Usdin, E. and Sandler, M.) Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 2139.
Boulton, A.A. (1978). The tyramines: Functionally significant biogenic amines or metabolic accidents? Life Sci., 23, 659672.
Boulton, A.A. (1979). Trace amines in the central nervous system. Int. Rev. Biochemistry, (Ed., Tipton, K.F.) 26, 179206.
Boulton, A.A. (1979a). The trace amines: Neurohumours (cytosolic pre- and/or postsynaptic, secondary, indirect?) Behav. Brain Sci., 2, 418.
Boulton, A.A. and Baker, G. (1975). The subcellular distribution of β-phenylethylamine, /Myramine and tryptamine in rat brain. J. Neurochem., 25, 477481.
Boulton, A.A. and Juorio, A.V. (1979). The tyramines: Are they involved in the psychoses? Biol. Psychiat., 14, 413419.
Boulton, A.A. and Juorio, A.V., Philips, S.R. and Wu, P.H. (1977). Effects of reserpine and 6-hydroxydopamine on the levels of some arylalkylamines in rat brain. Brit. J. Pharmac, 59, 209214.
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Dismukes, K. (1979). New concepts of molecular communication among neurones. Behav. Brain Sci., 2, 409448.
Dyck, L.E., Boulton, A.A. and Jones, R.S.G. (1980). A comparison of the effects of methylphenidate and amphetamine on the simultaneous release of dopamine and p-tyramine or m-tyramine from rat striatal slices. Eur. J. Pharmacol, (in press)
Faurbye, A. (1968). The role of amines in the aetiology of schizophrenia. Comp. Psychiat., 9, 155177.
Henwood, R.W., Boulton, A.A. and Phillis, J.W. (1979). Iontophoretic studies of some trace amines in the mammalian CNS. Brain Res., 164, 347351.
Huebert, N. (1980). Metabolism and excretion of some trace amines in the rat and the human. Ph.D. thesis. University of Saskatchewan.
Jones, R.S.G. and Boulton, A.A. (1980). Interactions between para-tyramine, meta-tyramine or βJ-phenylethylamine and dopamine on single neurones in the cortex and caudate nucleus of the rat. Can. J. Physiol, and Pharmacol.. 58, 222227.
Juorio, A.V. (1979). Effect of stress and L-DOPA administration on mouse striatal tyramine and homovanillic acid levels. Brain Res., 179, 186189.
Juorio, A.V. (1979a). Drug-induced changes in the formation, storage and metabolism of tyramine in the mouse. Brit. J. Pharmac, 66, 377384.
Mosnaim, A.A. and Wolf, M.E. (1978). In, βJ-Phenyleihylamine: A Metabolically and Pharmacologically Active Amine. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Sandler, M. and Reynolds, G.P. (1976). Does phenylethylamine cause schizophrenia? Lancet, 1, 7071.
Slingsby, J.M. (1975). Factors affecting urinary excretion of arylalkylamines in a randomly selected psychiatric population. Ph.D. thesis, University of Saskatchewan.
Wyatt, R.J., Gillin, J.C. and Stoff, D.M. (1977). In, Neuroregulators and Psychiatric Disorders. (Eds. Usdin, E., Hamburg, D.A. and Barchas, J.A.) Oxford University Press, New York.
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Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences
  • ISSN: 0317-1671
  • EISSN: 2057-0155
  • URL: /core/journals/canadian-journal-of-neurological-sciences
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