The longest extant fragment of the Arimaspea consists of six lines quoted by ‘Longinus’ in On the Sublime 10. 4. He does not mention its author by name but contents himself with a guarded reference to 6 , as if he himself had doubts about the authenticity of its ascription to Aristeas of Proconnesus.

The causes of the rural discontent with which Solon attempted to deal have never been satisfactorily explained. The invention and extended use of coined money, which has often been blamed, is hardly likely to have had such drastic effects in itself if one accepts the witness of other parallel episodes in world history. We can learn something of the austerities of life on the land in central Greece from Hesiod, and scattered literary references may serve as clues to a reconstruction of developments.

Tr.: If I were to tell of suffering and bad billets, of scanty provisions ill set-out—but what was there we did not complain of when we did not get the day's ration? But, as for (lying on) the dry ground, there was an even greater abomination in that; for our beds were close to the enemy's walls—for from heaven and earth they (sc. the gods) drenched us with the moisture of meadows, a constant affliction, making the wool of our cloaks foul.

In a recent article in the Philosophical Review (lxiii [1954], 319 ff.) Professor Gregory Vlastos has given an acute analysis of the ‘Third Man’ Argument as it appears in the Parmenides for which all Platonic scholars will be grateful. In view of the importance of the article and the interest that it has aroused, I should like to offer one or two criticisms of his conclusions.

Commentators from the Old Scholiast onward extract from these two clauses the one meaning that the pedagogue will not be recognized. They complain that a man's hair going white does not suffice to disguise him, and offer some unconvincing reinterpretations and emendations of The change of mood and tense is also odd; at O.C. 450 ff. which Jebb quotes in support, there is a change of meaning and intensity to justify it.

The following remarks are frankly speculative, and their subject one on which certainty is unlikely to be attained. It seems worth offering them because, though the conclusions are only tentative, they were reached by way of some observations which have a certain interest of their own.

Anaximenes, we are told, said that the sun is flat like a leaf, and that it and the other heavenly bodies ‘ride upon’ the air owing to their flat shape, as does the earth also.

The reconstructions of the Orthagoras genealogy are so numerous and so different that it is rarely used for chronological purposes. The aim of this paper is to show that there is clear evidence on this subject, and that it has chronological value.

In C.Q. N.s. iv (1954), 10–12, I gave an elaborate diagnosis of the morbid symptoms in sense and syntax of the traditional text. I then proposed , rendering ‘as I now am doing, without success’. Professor W. M. Edwards wrote to me that he accepted ‘this very helpful analysis of the trouble', but not my emendation, on the ground that O.'s admission of failure would be ‘a factual statement requiring ’.

Since 1944, attempts at progress in the interpretation of the text of the Bacchae must inevitably express themselves mainly in terms of respectful disagreement with Professor Dodds's edition published in that year.

20–24. Dodds's text was justly called in question by Kitto (C.R. lx (1946), 65), but there is only one available remedy for this complex; those who work it out for themselves will find that they had been anticipated by Wecklein in his text (1898) and school edition (ed. 2, 1903; see further the Anhang).

The discovery and identification by G. Muzzioli of ten leaves from a Beneventan manuscript of the Apologia of Apuleius in the Biblioteca Comunale of Assisi (now numbered 706 in that library) was communicated to the Comitato Consultivo of the R. Istituto di Patologia del Libro on 30 March 1942, and published in the same year in the Institute's Bolletino, iv. 1 (1942), 13, 14.

Critics, once so busy with Manilius, have left him alone since Housman's edition was completed a quarter of a century ago. Perhaps I shall seem rash to break the silence by challenging a few of his verdicts. I do so in no spirit of iconoclasm, but rather believing that Housman wrote for readers who will occasionally call him wrong—at their peril, and on their knees.

In C.Q., N.S. iv (1954), 60 Mr. D. A. Russell makes several suggestions on the text of Plutarch's de genio Socratis. In one passage he appears to me to misdirect his suspicions:

583 b:

Mr. Russell objects to on the ground that ‘since Lysis is already dead, cannot signify “beforehand”’, and proposes the pluperfect , understanding in this compound to mean ’.

Mr. G. B. KERFERD, in C.Q. xlviii (1954), 84 ff. writes of ‘Plato's Noble Art of Sophistry’. He suggests that Plato thought there was a ‘Noble Art’ of sophistry, other than philosophy itself; and he seeks to find this Art in the better and worse arguments of Protagoras. This suggestion is, unfortunately, based on a mistranslation of Plato, Sophist 231 a: .

The Greek original of Galen's is lost, nor has a copy of the complete translation into Arabic, made by Hunayn b. Ishāq in the first half of the ninth century, come down to us, though some passages of it are quoted by various Arab authors. A summary of the translation, however, was discovered by P. Kraus in a miscellaneous manuscript in Cairo and published by him in the Bulletin of the Faculty of Arts of the University of Egypt, vol. v/i (1937; Cairo 1939, Arabic section).

As shown by Goodwin (Moods and Tenses, § 197, 208, and 216) and corroborated by A. C. Moorhouse (C.Q. xl (1946), 1), with the future whether indicative, infinitive, or participle is proved by manuscript authority to be a permissible, though comparatively rare, Attic usage. Moorhouse's case, moreover, is strengthened, rather than weakened, as he supposed, by the usage of Lucian, for, though the construction may be condemned in Solecist, §§ 2 and 8, there are considerably more examples of with the future in Lucian than Asinus

Harmonides, speaking to his teacher Timotheus, says, (Harmonides init.)

I suggest that should be emended to (or possibly ) for the following reasons:

1. The phrase is, in any case, very difficult indeed after , but becomes virtually impossible in view of the order, as we have as the subject of the first four infinitives, as the subject of , and then a reversion to as the subject of