Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-wq2xx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T00:01:16.835Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hydrothermal alteration products in the vicinity of the Ahırözü kaolin deposits, Mihalıççık-Eskişehir,Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 July 2018

Işil Ömeroğlu Sayit ,
Asuman Günal Türkmenoğlu ,
Ş. Ali Sayin  and
Cengiz Demirci
Işil Ömeroğlu Sayit*
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
Asuman Günal Türkmenoğlu
Affiliation:
Middle East Technical University, Department of Geological Engineering, Ankara, Turkey
Ş. Ali Sayin
Affiliation:
Aksaray University, Department of Geological Engineering, Aksaray, Turkey
Cengiz Demirci
Affiliation:
Alacer Gold Corp., Turkey
*
*E-mail: isilomeroglu@yahoo.com
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The mineralogy, texture and composition of rocks associated with the kaolin deposits in the Ahırözü-Hamidiye-Üçbaşlı area, SE of Mihalıççık, Eskişehir, Turkey, were investigated. In the study area, Triassic, blue-green schists and serpentinized ultramafic rocks are exposed. Kaolinization occurs at the contact between a Triassic granitic intrusion and metamorphic rocks. Textural and mineralogical characteristics were identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses. The effects of hydrothermal alteration on the whole-rock chemical composition were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Homogenization temperature (Th, °C), salinity, (wt.% NaCl) and melting temperature (Tm, °C) were detected by fluid-inclusion analyses.

The argillic alteration zone (Zone A) includes kaolinite, smectite, natroalunite and accessory pyrite, hematite and goethite. This paragenesis corresponds to a low–intermediate argillic alteration caused by fluids having neutral to acidic pH, at a temperature of <200°C. The propylitic alteration zone (Zone B) is characterized by epidote, chlorite, illite and pyrite and was caused by fluids with a neutral pH and a temperature of >250°C. The rocks in Zone C are mainly silicified and represent sinter formation in the study area. The rocks in the kaolin deposit are depleted in Rb, Pb and Y and enriched in Cs, U and Sr, and represent the products of epithermal hydrothermal alteration of granitic intrusions emplaced in a volcanic arc.

Keywords

hydrothermal alterationkaolin depositargillic alterationpropylitic alterationepithermal depositAhırözüTurkey
Type
Article
Information
Clay Minerals , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , June 2018 , pp. 289 - 303
Copyright
Copyright © Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

This paper was originally presented during the 5th International Mediterranean Clay Meeting, 2016

Guest Associate Editor: H. Akgün

References

REFERENCES

Arribas, A. Jr. (1995) Characteristics of high-sulfidation epithermal deposits, and their relation to magmatic fluid. Pp. 419–454 in: Magmas, Fluids and Ore Deposits (Thopmson, J.F.H., editor). Mineralogical Association of Canada Short Course, 23.Google Scholar
Berger, B.R. & Bonham, H.F. Jr. (1990) Epithermal gold-silver deposits in the western United States: time-space products of evolving plutonic, volcanic and tectonic environments. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 36, 103–142.Google Scholar
Bodnar, R.J. (1993) Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 57, 683–684.Google Scholar
Bodnar, R.J. (2003) Re-equilibration of Fluid Inclusions Pp. 231–330 in: Fluid Inclusions: Analysis and Interpretation (Samson, I., Anderson, A. & Marshall, D., editors). Mineralogical Association of Canada.Google Scholar
Ece, Ö.I. & Nakagawa, Z.E. (2003) Alteration of volcanic rocks and genesis of kaolin deposits in the Şile region, northern İstanbul, Turkey. Part II: Differential mobility of elements. Clay Minerals, 38, 529–550.Google Scholar
Ece, Ö.I & Schroeder, P.A. (2007) Clay mineralogy and chemistry of halloysite and alunite desposits in the Turplu area, Balıkesir, Turkey. Clays and Clay Minerals, 55, 18–35.Google Scholar
Ece, Ö.I., Schroeder, P.A., Smilley, M.J. & Wampler, J.M. (2008) Acid-sulphate hydrothermal alteration of andesitic tuffs and genesis of halloysite and alunite deposits in the Biga Peninsula, Turkey. Clay Minerals, 43, 281–315.Google Scholar
Ece, Ö.İ., Ekinci, B., Schroeder, P.A., Crowe, D. & Esenli, F. (2013) Origin of the Düvertepe kaolin-alunite deposits in Simav Graben, Turkey: timing and styles of hydrothermal mineralization. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 255, 57–78.Google Scholar
Fujii, N., Kayabalı, İ. & Saka, A.H. (1995) Data book of ceramic raw materials of selected areas in Turkey. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Turkey, Monograph Series 1, 144 pp.Google Scholar
Gencoğlu, H. & Bayhan, H. (1989) Lithofacial properties of Neogene basins of the Yeniköy-Tire-Küre-çaltıo (Bilecik-Söğüt) region and geological evolution. Hacettepe Üniversity Yerbilimleri Dergisi, 15, 75–87 (in Turkish with English abstract).Google Scholar
Gözler, Z. (1987) Ankara İ27 Paftasının Jeoloji Haritası. General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) Turkey, MTA-Ankara.Google Scholar
Hedenquist, J.W. (1987) Mineralization associated with volcanic related hydrothermal systems in the Circum-Pasific basin. Pp. 513–524 in: Transactions of the Fourth Circum-Pacific Energy Resources and Mineral Resources Conference (Horn, M.K., editor). American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.Google Scholar
Hedenquist, J.W., Arribas, A. Jr. & Gonzalez-Urien, E. (2000) Exploration of epithermal gold deposits. SEG Reviews, 13, 245–277.Google Scholar
Henley, R.W. & Ellis, A.J. (1983) Geothermal systems, ancient and modern: A geochemical review. Earth Science Reviews, 19, 1–50.Google Scholar
Izawa, E., Urashima, Y., Ibaraki, K., Suziki, R., Yokoyama, T., Kawasaki, K., Koga, A. & Taguchi, S. (1990) The Hishikari gold deposit: high-grade epithermal veins in Quaternary volcanics of southern Kyushu, Japan. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 36, 1–56.Google Scholar
Jackson, M.L. (1975) Soil Chemical Analysis – Advanced Course. 2nd edition, published by the author, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.Google Scholar
Kadir, S. & Erkoyun, H. (2013) Genesis of the hydrothermal Karaçayır kaolinite deposit in Miocene volcanics and Paleozoic volcanic rocks of the Uşak-Güre basin, western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 22, 444–468.Google Scholar
Karakaş, Ö. (2006) Sivrihisar-Biçer civarı neojen (Üst Miyosen-Pliyosen) basenindeki kil parajenezlerinin ortamsal yorumu. Ankara Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi.Google Scholar
Meyer, C. & Hemley, J.J. (1967) Wall rock alteration. Pp. 166–235 in: Geochemistry of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits (Barnes, H.L., editor). Holt, Rinehart & Winston, New York.Google Scholar
Okut, M. & Gök, S. (1975) Preliminary report on the kaolin deposits at Düvertepe, Sındırgı district. MTA-EHM Open File Report, No. 1233 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Okut, M., Köse, Z., Çakar, A.B. & Elmacı, M. (1984) Progress report of the study on the kaolin deposits at Düvertepe and its surroundings, Balıkesir-Sındırgı District. MTA Open File Report, No.7573 (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Pearce, J.A., Harris, N.B.W.& Tindle, A.G. (1984) Trace element discrimination diagrams for the tectonic interpretation of granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 25, 956–983.Google Scholar
Reyes, A.G. (1990) Petrology of Philippine geothermal systems and the application of alteration mineralogy to their assessment. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 43, 279–309.Google Scholar
Sayın, S.A. (1984) The Geology, Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Origin of the Yeniçağa Kaolin Deposits and Other Similar Deposits in Western Turkey. PhD thesis, University of London (unpublished).Google Scholar
Sayın, S.A. (2007) Origin of kaolin deposit: evidence from the Hisarcık (Emet-Kütahya) deposits, Western Turkey. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 16, 77–96.Google Scholar
Sayın, S.A. (2016) Quartz-mica schist and gneiss-hosted clay deposits within the Yenipazar (Yozgat, Central Anatolia) volcanogenic massive sulphide ore. Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences, 25, 81–101.Google Scholar
Seyhan, İ. (1978) Türkiye kaolin yatakları ile hidrotermal cevherler arasında görülen ilişkiler, Jeoloji Mühendisliği, 27–31(in Turkish with English abstract).Google Scholar
Sillitoe, R.H. (1998) Major regional factors favouring large size, high hypogene grade, elevated gold content and supergene oxidation and enrichment of porphyry copper deposits. Pp. 21–34 in: Porphyry and hydrothermal copper and gold deposits: A global perspective (Porter, T.M., editor). Australian Mineral Foundation, Adelaide.Google Scholar
Sillitoe, R.H. (2002) Some metallogenic features of gold and copper deposits related to alkaline rocks and consequences for exploration. Mineralium Deposita, 37, 4–13.Google Scholar
Sincan, M. (1978) Eskişehir Mihalıççık kaolen etüt raporu. Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Ünal-Ercan, H., Ece, Ö.I., Schroeder, P.A. & Karacık, Z. (2016) Differentiating styles of alteration within kaolin-alunite hydrothermal deposits of Çanakkale, NW Turkey. Clays and Clay Minerals, 64, 245–274.Google Scholar
White, N.C. & Hedenquist, J.W. (1995) Epithermal gold deposits: styles, characteristics and exploration. SEG Newsletter, 23 (1), 9–13.Google Scholar
Wilkinson, J.J. (2001) Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits. Lithos, 55, 229–272.Google Scholar
Supplementary material: File

Sayıt et al. supplementary material

Tables S1-S4

Download Sayıt et al. supplementary material(File)
File 37.5 KB