Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Home
Hostname: page-component-ffbbcc459-nq5v5 Total loading time: 0.392 Render date: 2022-03-03T05:55:40.962Z Has data issue: true Feature Flags: { "shouldUseShareProductTool": true, "shouldUseHypothesis": true, "isUnsiloEnabled": true, "useRatesEcommerce": false, "useNewApi": true }
  • English
CNS Spectrums CNS Spectrums

Article contents

Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 November 2014

Steven Pliszka ,
William W. Dodson  and
Thomas J. Spencer
Get access Rights & Permissions[Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a genetic disorder that affects both children and adults. Genetic studies have shown the heritability of ADHD to be higher than other psychiatric disorders. In addition, imaging studies have revealed various structural anomalies in the brain.

Often ADHD persists into adulthood. The presentation of ADHD into adulthood most often results from childhood onset of ADHD. Symptoms of inattention and functional behavior tend to persist. These symptoms may often be less obvious, with less overt hyperactivity and impulsiveness.

Stimulant medications remain the predominant choice for the treatment of ADHD. They are safe and offer good response. Common adverse reactions can usually be removed by changing the dose and the timing of medication administration. Of the second-line agents for treating ADHD, the tricyclic antidepressants have generated the most studies and have proved fairly efficacious.

Type
Research Article
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 5 , supplement S3: Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder , May 2000 , pp. s1 - s8
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Swanson, JM, Sunohara, GA, Kennedy, JL, et al.Association of the dopamine transporter D4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Mol Psychiatry. 1998;3:38–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Cook, EH Jr., Stein, MA, Krasowski, MD, et al.Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1995;56:993–998.Google ScholarPubMed
3.Castellanos, FX, Giedd, JN, Marsh, WL, et al.Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996;53:607–616.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Semrud-Clikeman, M, Filipek, PA, et al.Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: magnetic resonance imaging morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1994;33:875–881.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5.Mostofsky, SH, Reiss, AL, Lockhart, P, Denckla, MB. Evaluation of cerebellar size in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Child Neurol. 1998;13:434–439.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Rubia, K, Overmeyer, S, Taylor, E, et al.Hypofrontality in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder during higher-order motor control: A study with functional MRI. Am J Psychiatry. 1999;156:891–896. 1995;52:444-455.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Swanson, JM, Wigal, S, Greenhill, LL, et al.Analog classroom assessment of Adderall in children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adalesc Psychiatry. 1998;37:519–526.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Pelham, WE, Midlam, JK, Gnagy, EM, et al.A comparison of Ritalin and Adderall: efficacy and time-course in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics. 1999;103–143.Google ScholarPubMed
9.Pliszka, SR, Browne, R, Olvera, RL, et al.A double-blind placebo controlled trial of Adderall and methylphendiate in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000. In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
1.Gittelman, R, Mannuzza, S, et al.Hyperactive boys almost grown up: I. Psychiatric status. Arch Gen Psych. 1985;42:937–947.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
2.Weiss, G, Hechtman, L, et al.Psychiatric status of hyperactives as adults: a controlled prospective 15-year follow-up of 63 hyperactive children. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985;24:211–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.Murphy, K and Barkley, R. Prevalence of DSM-IV symptoms of ADHD in adult licensed drivers: implications for clinical diagnosis. J Attention Disord. 1996;1:147–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Barkley, R. ADHD and the Nature of Self-Control. 1997: New York.Google Scholar
5.Dougherty, DD, Bonab, AA, et al.Dopamine transporter density is elevated in patients with ADHD. Lancet. 1999;354:2132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
6.Wilens, TE, Biederman, J, et al.Six-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of desipramine for adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1996;153:1147–1153.Google ScholarPubMed
2
Cited by

Send article to Kindle

To send this article to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about sending to your Kindle. Find out more about sending to your Kindle.

Note you can select to send to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be sent to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Available formats
×

Send article to Dropbox

To send this article to your Dropbox account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Dropbox.

Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Available formats
×

Send article to Google Drive

To send this article to your Google Drive account, please select one or more formats and confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your <service> account. Find out more about sending content to Google Drive.

Current Treatments of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Available formats
×
×

Reply to: Submit a response

Please enter your response.

Your details

Please enter a valid email address.

Conflicting interests

Do you have any conflicting interests? *