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Developmental cascades to children's conduct problems: The role of prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, maternal depression and sensitivity, and children's conscience

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2019

Idean Ettekal Open the ORCID record for Idean Ettekal [Opens in a new window] ,
Rina D. Eiden Open the ORCID record for Rina D. Eiden [Opens in a new window] ,
Amanda B. Nickerson ,
Danielle S. Molnar  and
Pamela Schuetze
Idean Ettekal*
Affiliation:
Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Rina D. Eiden
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Amanda B. Nickerson
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
Danielle S. Molnar
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
Pamela Schuetze
Affiliation:
Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA Department of Psychology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA
*
Author for correspondence: Idean Ettekal, Department of Educational Psychology, Texas A & M University, 722 Harrington Tower, College Station, TX77843; E-mail: iettekal@tamu.edu.
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Abstract

This study investigated the longitudinal associations among prenatal substance use, socioeconomic adversity, parenting (maternal warmth, sensitivity, and harshness), children's self-regulation (internalization of rules and conscience), and conduct problems from infancy to middle childhood (Grade 2). Three competing conceptual models including cascade (indirect or mediated), additive (cumulative), and transactional (bidirectional) effects were tested and compared. The sample consisted of 216 low-income families (primary caretaker and children; 51% girls; 74% African American). Using a repeated-measures, multimethod, multi-informant design, a series of full panel models were specified. Findings primarily supported a developmental cascade model, and there was some support for additive effects. More specifically, maternal prenatal substance use and socioeconomic adversity in infancy were prospectively associated with lower levels of maternal sensitivity. Subsequently, lower maternal sensitivity was associated with decreases in children's conscience in early childhood, and in turn, lower conscience predicted increases in teacher-reported conduct problems in middle childhood. There was also a second pathway from sustained maternal depression (in infancy and toddlerhood) to early childhood conduct problems. These findings demonstrated how processes of risk and resilience collectively contributed to children's early onset conduct problems.

Keywords

conduct problemsexternalizing problemsparentingpovertyself-regulation
Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 32 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 85 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2019

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