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Neither environmental unpredictability nor harshness predict reliance on alloparental care among families in Cebu, Philippines

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2022

Stacy Rosenbaum Open the ORCID record for Stacy Rosenbaum [Opens in a new window] ,
Christopher W. Kuzawa ,
Thomas W. McDade ,
Sonny Agustin Bechayda  and
Lee T. Gettler
Stacy Rosenbaum*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Christopher W. Kuzawa
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Thomas W. McDade
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
Sonny Agustin Bechayda
Affiliation:
University of San Carlos Office of Population Studies Foundation, Inc., Cebu City, Philippines Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
Lee T. Gettler
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA The Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
*
Corresponding author: Stacy Rosenbaum, email: rosenbas@umich.edu
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Abstract

Alloparental caregiving is key to humans’ highly flexible reproductive strategies. Across species and across societies, alloparental care is more common in harsh and/or unpredictable environments (HUEs). Currently, however, it is unclear whether HUEs predict intra-population variation in alloparental care, or whether early life HUEs might predict later alloparental care use in adulthood, consistent with adaptive developmental plasticity. We test whether harshness measures (socioeconomic status (SES), environmental hygiene, crowding) and unpredictability measures (parental unemployment, paternal absence, household moves) predicted how much alloparental assistance families in Cebu, Philippines received, in a multigenerational study with data collected across four decades. Though worse environmental hygiene predicted more concurrent alloparental care in 1994, we found little evidence that HUEs predict within-population variation in alloparental care in this large-scale, industrialized society. Indeed, less-crowded conditions and higher SES predicted more alloparental care, not less, in the 1980s and in 2014 respectively, while paternal absence in middle childhood predicted less reliance on alloparental care in adulthood. In this cultural context, our results generally do not provide support for the translation of interspecific or intersocietal patterns linking HUEs and alloparental care to intra-population variation in alloparental care, nor for the idea that a reproductive strategy emphasizing alloparental care use may be preceded by early life HUEs.

Keywords

cooperative carebehavioral ecologydevelopmental plasticitylife history theory
Type
Special Issue Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 2: Special Issue: Dimensions of early experience and adaptive and maladaptive development , May 2022 , pp. 743 - 754
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© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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