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Physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers: A modest role of ethnicity

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 November 2018

Marcelo A. Navarrete ,
Jaime R. Silva ,
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn  and
Rodrigo A. Cárcamo
Marcelo A. Navarrete
Affiliation:
University of Magallanes, Chile
Jaime R. Silva
Affiliation:
Universidad del Desarrollo, Chile Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Chile
Marinus H. Van Ijzendoorn
Affiliation:
Capital Normal University, Beijing, China Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
Rodrigo A. Cárcamo*
Affiliation:
University of Magallanes, Chile
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Rodrigo A. Cárcamo. Department of Psychology, University of Magallanes. Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, P.O. Box 113-D, Chile; E-mail: rodrigo.carcamo@umag.cl.
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Abstract

Mapuche represents the largest indigenous group in Chile amounting to nearly 10% of the total population. In a longitudinal cohort of 12,398 children, we analyzed the role of ethnicity in physical and psychosocial development of Mapuche and nonindigenous Chilean toddlers (age 2.5 years), taking into account sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics. As indicated by our univariate analysis, the Mapuche developmental niche was characterized by lower income, lower maternal education, poorer quality of the home environment, longer breastfeeding, and higher parental stress. Physical development showed higher body mass index. Mapuche children showed less externalizing problems. We then analyzed the incremental contribution of ethnicity in a series of hierarchical regressions with the second wave of developmental measurements (age 4.5 years) as outcome variables, showing a significant but modest incremental contribution of ethnicity to the prediction of children's development between 2.5 and 4.5 years of age. Controlling for environmental variables, Mapuche showed less externalizing and internalizing, behavior problems. Socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and parenting stress were stronger predictors of socioemotional development than ethnicity per se.

Keywords

behavior problemschild developmentChileethnicityphysical growth
Type
Special Issue Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 30 , Special Issue 5: Cultural Development and Psychopathology , December 2018 , pp. 1959 - 1976
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

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Footnotes

We would like to thank the research team of the Encuesta Longitudinal de la Primera Infancia [Longitudinal Survey of Early Childhood]. Support was provided by the Fund for Innovation and Competitiveness (FIC) of the Chilean Ministry of Economy, Development and Tourism, through the Millennium Scientific Initiative Grant IS130005 and the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) Grant 1171836 (to J.S.) and Grant 11140663 (to R.C.). Support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO-Spinoza Prize; to M.H.v.IJ.) is gratefully acknowledged.

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