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On Taking Historical Materialism Seriously

  • Kai Nielsen (a1)
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In the first chapter of Karl Marx's Theory of History, G. A. Cohen contrasts Marx's image of history with Hegel's, contrasts, that is, a powerful form of historical idealism with historical materialism. Historical idealism stresses the “dominion of thought” (Gedankenherrschaft); social change, on such an account, is to be explained principally in terms of changes in consciousness, the course of history being determined by fundamental ruling ideas and conceptions. This view is to be contrasted with historical materialism. The central vision of history in Hegel is formulated as follows by Cohen, “History is the history of the world spirit (and, derivatively of human consciousness) which undergoes growth in self-knowledge, the stimulus and vehicle of which is a culture, which perishes when it has stimulated more growth than it can contain” (26). Marx's vision, a historical materialist vision, is identical in structure with Hegel's, but endows the structure with a new content. This can be seen from the parallel formulation of it, given by Cohen: “History is the history of human industry, which undergoes growth in productive power, the stimulus and vehicle of which is an economic structure which perishes when it has stimulated more growth than it can contain (26).

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1 All references to Cohen, G. A.'s Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978) are given in the text. Other references are in the end-notes.

2 This stress, as will become apparent later in this essay, meshes nicely with Yu. I. Semenov's instructive account of the development of socio-economic formations and world-history in his “The Theory of Socio-Economie Formations and World History”, in Soviet and Western Anthropology, ed. Gellner, Ernest (New York: Columbia University Press, 1980), 2958.

3 Cohen, G. A., “Functional Explanation, Consequence Explanation and Marxism”, Inquiry 25/1 (March 1982), 2833.

4 Ibid., 28.

5 Cohen, G. A., “Functional Explanation: Reply to Elster”, Political Studies 28/1 (March 1980), 129130.

6 Cohen, Joshua, “G. A. Cohen: Marx's Theory of History”, The Journal of Philosophy 79/5 (May 1982), 253273; Levine, A. and Wright, E. O., “History and the Forces of Production”, New Left Review 123 (September–October 1980), 4769; and Fisk, Milton, “The Concept of Primacy in Historical Explanation, Analyse & Kritik, forthcoming.

7 See the references in the previous footnote.

8 See references in footnote 6.

9 Joshua Cohen details things like that. See Cohen, , “G. A. Cohen”.

10 I owe these distinctions to Yu. Semenov. Semenov, “Socio-Economie Formations”, 2931.

11 Ibid., 54.

12 Gellner, Ernest, “A Russian Marxist Philosophy of History”, in Soviet and Western Anthropology, ed. Gellner, Ernest (New York: Columbia University Press. 1980), 6063.

13 Hudelson, Richard, “Popper's Critique of Marx”, Philosophical Studies 37 (1980), 262.

14 Ibid., 264.

15 Ibid. See also his Marx's Empiricism”, Philosophy of the Social Scinces 32 (1982), 241253.

16 Gellner, , “A Russian Marxist”, 5982, and Semenov, “Socio-Economie Formations”, 2958. See also Gellner, Ernest, “The Soviet and the Savage”, Current Anthropology 16/1 (December 1975), 595601.

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Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review / Revue canadienne de philosophie
  • ISSN: 0012-2173
  • EISSN: 1759-0949
  • URL: /core/journals/dialogue-canadian-philosophical-review-revue-canadienne-de-philosophie
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