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Patterns of tree species composition at watershed-scale in the Amazon ‘arc of deforestation’: implications for conservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 July 2016

PAULO SÉRGIO MORANDI ,
BEATRIZ SCHWANTES MARIMON ,
PEDRO V. EISENLOHR ,
BEN HUR MARIMON-JUNIOR ,
CLAUDINEI OLIVEIRA-SANTOS ,
TED R. FELDPAUSCH ,
EDMAR ALMEIDA DE OLIVEIRA ,
SIMONE MATIAS REIS ,
JON LLOYD  and
OLIVER L. PHILLIPS
PAULO SÉRGIO MORANDI
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
BEATRIZ SCHWANTES MARIMON*
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
PEDRO V. EISENLOHR
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Alta Floresta, MT 208, km 147, Caixa Postal 324, 78580-000, Alta Floresta, MT, Brazil
BEN HUR MARIMON-JUNIOR
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
CLAUDINEI OLIVEIRA-SANTOS
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
TED R. FELDPAUSCH
Affiliation:
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK
EDMAR ALMEIDA DE OLIVEIRA
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
SIMONE MATIAS REIS
Affiliation:
Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Campus de Nova Xavantina, BR 158, km 655, Caixa Postal 08, 78690-000, Nova Xavantina, MT, Brazil
JON LLOYD
Affiliation:
Imperial College London, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
OLIVER L. PHILLIPS
Affiliation:
University of Leeds, School of Geography, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
*
*Correspondence: Beatriz Schwantes Marimon Tel: +55-66-3438-1224 e-mail: biamarimon@unemat.br
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Summary

The loss of biodiversity in transitional forests between the Cerrado and Amazonia, the two largest neotropical phytogeographic domains, is an issue of great concern. This extensive region is located within the ‘arc of deforestation’ zone where tropical forests are being lost at the fastest rate on the planet, but floristic diversity and variation among forests here is still poorly understood. We aimed to characterize the floristic composition of forests in this zone and explored the degree and drivers of differentiation within and across Araguaia and Xingu watersheds. In 10 sites we identified all trees with diameter ≥10 cm; these totaled 4944 individuals in 257 species, 107 genera and 52 families. We evaluated the data for multivariate variation using TWINSPAN and DCA to understand the species distribution among sites. There was a larger contribution from the Amazonian flora (169 species) than that of the Cerrado (109) to the transitional forests. Remarkably, 142 species (55%) were restricted to only one sampling site, while 29 species (>16%) are endemic to Brazil, suggesting potentially large loss of species and unique forest communities with the loss and fragmentation of large areas. Our results also suggest that watersheds may be a critical factor driving species distribution among forests in the Amazonian–Cerrado transition zone, and quantifying their role can provide powerful insight into devising better conservation strategies for the remaining forests.

Keywords

Araguaiabiodiversityendemic speciesfloristic connectionsspecies distributionXingu
Type
Papers
Information
Environmental Conservation , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , December 2016 , pp. 317 - 326
Copyright
Copyright © Foundation for Environmental Conservation 2016 

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