Skip to main content

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
Cancel
×
×
Home
  • Home
Article
  • Cited by 35
  • Cited by
    Crossref Citations
    Crossref logo
    This article has been cited by the following publications. This list is generated based on data provided by CrossRef.
    Alexiou, Konstantinos Drikos, Ioannis Terzopoulou, Maria Sikalias, Nikolaos Ioannidis, Argyrios and Economou, Nikolaos 2017. A prospective randomised trial of isolated pathogens of surgical site infections (SSI). Annals of Medicine and Surgery, Vol. 21, Issue. , p. 25.
    Goh, Siew S.C. 2017. Post-sternotomy mediastinitis in the modern era. Journal of Cardiac Surgery, Vol. 32, Issue. 9, p. 556.
    van den Berg, Sanne de Vogel, Corné P. van Belkum, Alex Bakker-Woudenberg, Irma A. J. M. and Lei, Benfang 2015. Mild Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection Improves the Course of Subsequent Endogenous S. aureus Bacteremia in Mice. PLOS ONE, Vol. 10, Issue. 6, p. e0129150.
    Miller, Ruth R. Walker, A. Sarah Godwin, Heather Fung, Rowena Votintseva, Antonina Bowden, Rory Mant, David Peto, Timothy E.A. Crook, Derrick W. and Knox, Kyle 2014. Dynamics of acquisition and loss of carriage of Staphylococcus aureus strains in the community: The effect of clonal complex. Journal of Infection, Vol. 68, Issue. 5, p. 426.
    Verhoeven, P.O. Grattard, F. Carricajo, A. Lucht, F. Cazorla, C. Garraud, O. Pozzetto, B. and Berthelot, P. 2012. An algorithm based on one or two nasal samples is accurate to identify persistent nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Vol. 18, Issue. 6, p. 551.
    Chan, Danny Downing, Denise Keough, Christine E. Saad, Wael A. Annamalai, Ganesh Janne d’Othee, B. Ganguli, Suvranu Itkin, Maxim Kalva, Sanjeeva P. Khan, Arshad Ahmed Krishnamurthy, Venkataramu Nikolic, Boris Owens, Charles A. Postoak, Darren Roberts, Anne C. Rose, Steven C. Sacks, David Siddiqi, Nasir H. Swan, Timothy L. Thornton, Raymond H. Towbin, Richard Wallace, Michael J. Walker, T. Gregory Wojak, Joan C. Wardrope, Ronald R. and Cardella, John F. 2012. Joint Practice Guideline for Sterile Technique during Vascular and Interventional Radiology Procedures: From the Society of Interventional Radiology, Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, and Association for Radiologic and Imaging Nursing, for the Society of Interventional Radiology (Wael Saad, MD, Chair), Standards of Practice Committee, and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association. Journal of Radiology Nursing, Vol. 31, Issue. 4, p. 130.
    Chan, Danny Downing, Denise Keough, Christine E. Saad, Wael A. Annamalai, Ganesh d'Othee, B. Janne Ganguli, Suvranu Itkin, Maxim Kalva, Sanjeeva P. Khan, Arshad Ahmed Krishnamurthy, Venkataramu Nikolic, Boris Owens, Charles A. Postoak, Darren Roberts, Anne C. Rose, Steven C. Sacks, David Siddiqi, Nasir H. Swan, Timothy L. Thornton, Raymond H. Towbin, Richard Wallace, Michael J. Walker, T. Gregory Wojak, Joan C. Wardrope, Ronald R. and Cardella, John F. 2012. Joint Practice Guideline for Sterile Technique during Vascular and Interventional Radiology Procedures: From the Society of Interventional Radiology, Association of periOperative Registered Nurses, and Association for Radiologic and Imaging Nursing, for the Society of Interventional Radiology (Wael Saad, MD, Chair), Standards of Practice Committee, and Endorsed by the Cardiovascular Interventional Radiological Society of Europe and the Canadian Interventional Radiology Association. Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Vol. 23, Issue. 12, p. 1603.
    Kashuk, Jeffry L. Moore, Ernest E. Price, Connie S. Zaw-Mon, Christopher Nino, Theresa Haenel, James Biffl, Walter L. Burlew, C. Cothren and Johnson, Jeffrey L. 2010. Patterns of Early and Late Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Trauma Population. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, Vol. 69, Issue. 3, p. 519.
    2009. REFERENCES. Acta Medica Scandinavica, Vol. 188, Issue. S514, p. 73.
    Thiele, Robert H. Huffmyer, Julie L. and Nemergut, Edward C. 2008. The “six sigma approach” to the operating room environment and infection. Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, Vol. 22, Issue. 3, p. 537.
    Price, Connie Savor Williams, Allison Philips, Giby Dayton, Michael Smith, Wade and Morgan, Steven 2008. Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization in Preoperative Orthopaedic Outpatients. Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research, Vol. 466, Issue. 11, p. 2842.
    Bargman, Joanne M. 2007. Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in Dialysis Patients. Seminars in Dialysis, Vol. 8, Issue. 4, p. 220.
    Lim, Megan S. C. Marshall, Caroline L. and Spelman, Denis 2006. Carriage of Multiple Subtypes of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by Intensive Care Unit Patients. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 27, Issue. 10, p. 1063.
    Nouwen, Jan L. Fieren, Marien W.J.A. Snijders, Susan Verbrugh, Henri A. and Van Belkum, Alex 2005. Persistent (not intermittent) nasal carriage ofStaphylococcus aureus is the determinant of CPD-related infections. Kidney International, Vol. 67, Issue. 3, p. 1084.
    Keene, Adam Vavagiakis, Peter Lee, Mei-Ho Finnerty, Kathryn Nicolls, Deborah Cespedes, Christian Quagliarello, Bianca Chiasson, Mary Ann Chong, David and Lowy, Franklin D. 2005. Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization and the Risk of Infection in Critically Ill Patients. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, Vol. 26, Issue. 07, p. 622.
    Haas, Janet P. Evans, Ann M. Preston, Karen E. and Larson, Elaine L. 2005. Risk factors for surgical site infection after cardiac surgery: The role of endogenous flora. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care, Vol. 34, Issue. 2, p. 108.
    Nouwen, J. L. Ott, A. Kluytmans-Vandenbergh, M. F. Q. Boelens, H. A. M. Hofman, A. van Belkum, A. and Verbrugh, H. A. 2004. Predicting the Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carrier State: Derivation and Validation of a "Culture Rule". Clinical Infectious Diseases, Vol. 39, Issue. 6, p. 806.
    Enright, Mark C. and Witte, Wolfgang 2004. Staphylococcus Aureus. p. 31.
    Toshkova, K Annemüller, C Akineden and Lämmler, Ch 2001. The significance of nasal carriage ofStaphylococcus aureusas risk factor for human skin infections. FEMS Microbiology Letters, Vol. 202, Issue. 1, p. 17.
    Vandenbergh, Marjolein F.Q. and Verbrugh, Henri A. 1999. Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: Epidemiology and clinical relevance. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, Vol. 133, Issue. 6, p. 525.
    Download full list
    ×
  • Get access
    Add to cart USD35.00
    Check if you have access via personal or institutional login
    Log in Register Recommend to librarian

Importance of the carrier state as a source of Staphylococcus aureus in wound sepsis*

  • Frank M. Calia (a1), Emanuel Wolinsky (a1), Edward A. Mortimer (a1), Jerome S. Abrams (a1) and Charles H. Rammelkamp (a1)...
Summary

The relationship of pre-operative nasal and skin carriage of Staphylococcus aureus to wound colonization and sepsis was studied in 269 patients. Thirty-seven per cent of 96 carriers developed wound colonization as compared to 16 % among non-carriers (a statistically significant difference). The wound sepsis rates were 17 % and 9 % respectively. The combination of nasal and skin carriage was an important factor, since the sepsis rate among skin carriers (most of whom were nasal carriers as well) was 22%. Among carriers, the homologous strain was recovered from the majority of wound colonizations and from all instances of wound sepsis. A carrier strain also was recovered from 52% of the wounds colonized and from 50% of septic wounds in the entire study group. Profuse nasal carriage resulted in a significantly greater number of septic wounds (31%) than sparse carriage (9%). Wound cultures before closure, and skin from the initial incision site only once yielded a patient's carrier strain or a strain of Staph. aureus that was later recovered from the wound. The results indicate that measures designed to control the carrier state or to isolate the wound from the external environment should reduce wound sepsis by approximately one half.

Excellent technical aid was furnished by Eleanor Ford, R. N., Edith E. Silverman, Adrienne Marus, M. S., and Patricia Welch.

Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 1969
References
Hide All
Altemeier, W. A., Hummel, R. P. & Hill, E. O. (1966). Prevention of infection in colon surgery. Archs Surg., Chicago 93, 226.
Bassett, H. F. M., Ferguson, W. G., Huffman, E., Walter, M., Blowers, R. & Conn, C. A. (1963). Sources of staphylococcal infection in surgical wound sepsis. J. Hyg., Camb. 61, 83.
Browne, A. F., Ryan, E. A., Glassow, F. J., Martin, C. J. & Shouldice, E. E. (1959). Staphylococcic wound infections: study of wound infections in several thousand hernia cases. J. Am. med. Ass. 170, 1274.
Bullock, W. E., Hall, J. W., Spink, W. W., Damsky, L. J., Greene, V. W., Vesley, D. & Bauer, H. (1964). A staphylococcal isolation service: epidemiologic and clinical studies over one year. Ann. intern. Med. 60, 777.
Burke, J. F. (1963). Identification of the sources of staphylococci contaminating the surgical wound during operation. Ann. Surg. 158, 898.
Burke, J. F. & Corrigan, E. A (1961). Staphylococcal epidemiology on surgical ward: fluctuations in ward staphylococcal contents, its effect on hospitalized patients and the extent of endemic hospital strains. New Engl. J. Med. 264, 321.
Cohen, L. S., Fekety, F. R. & Cluff, L. E (1964). Studies of the epidemiology of staphylococcal infection. VI. Infections in the surgical patient. Ann. Surg. 159, 321.
Colbeck, J. C. (1960). Environmental aspects of staphylococcal infections acquired in hospitals. I. The hospital environment—its place in the hospital staphylococcus infections problems. Am. J. publ. Hlth 50, 468.
Cole, W. R. & Bernard, H. R. (1964). Relationship of skin carriage to post-operative staphylococcal wound infection. Surg. Forum. 15, 52.
Ehrenkranz, N. J. (1964). Person to person transmission of Staphylococcus aureus: quantitative characterization of nasal carriers spreading infection. New Engl. J. Med. 271, 225.
Fekety, F. R. Jr,. (1964). The epidemiology and prevention of staphylococcal infection. Medicine, Baltimore 43, 593.
Howe, C. W. & Marston, A. T. (1962). A study on sources of post-operative staphylococcal infections. Surgery Gynec. Obstet. 115, 266.
Jeffrey, J. S. & Sklaroff, S. A. (1958). Incidence of wound infection. Lancet. i, 365.
Ketcham, A. S., Bloch, J. H., Crawford, D. I., Lieberman, J. E. & Smith, R. R. (1962). The role of prophylactic antibiotic therapy in control of staphylococcal infections following cancer surgery. Surgery Gynec. Obstet. 114, 345.
Lindbom, G. & Laurell, G. (1967 a). Studies on the epidemiology of staphylococcal infections. 4. Effect of nasal chemotherapy on carrier state in patients and on post-operative sepsis. Acta. path. microbiol. scand. 69, 237.
Lindbom, G. & Laurell, G. (1967 b). Studies on the epidemiology of staphylococcal infections. 5. Importance of environmental factors during the early post-operative phase. Acta. path. microbiol. scand. 69, 246.
Lindbom, G., Laurell, G. & Grenvik, A. (1967). Studies on the epidemiology of staphylococcal infections. 3. Influence of factors inherent in the patient and his operation. Acta. path. microbiol. scand. 69, 219.
Lowden, T. G., Vaithilingham, P. S. & Milne, J. B. (1962). Post-operative infection in a casualty department. Lancet ii, 752.
Mcneill, I. F., Porter, I. A. & Green, C. A. (1961). Staphylococcal infection in a surgical ward; a three month study. Br. med. J. ii, 798.
Moore, B. & Gardner, A. M. N. (1963). A study of post-operative wound infection in a provincial general hospital. J. Hyg., Camb. 61, 95.
Roberts, D. R. (1965). Significance of clean wound cultures. Am. Surg. 31, 153.
Rogers, L. S., Duffy, J. P. & Mou, T. W. (1965). Staphylococcal sepsis and patient's nasal-carrier state. Archs Surg., Chicago 90, 294.
Rountree, P. M., Harrington, M., Loewenthal, J. & Gye, R. (1960). Staphylococcal wound infection in a surgical unit. Lancet ii, 1.
Shinefield, H. R., Ribble, J. C., Boris, M. & Eichenwald, H. F. (1963). Bacterial interference: its effect on nursery-acquired infection with Staphylococcus aureus. I. Preliminary observations on artificial colonization of newborns. Am. J. Dis. Child. 105, 646.
Walter, C. W. (1958). Environmental sepsis. Mod. Hosp. 91, 69.
Weinstein, H. J. (1959). The relation between the nasal-staphylococcal-carrier state and the incidence of postoperative complications. New Engl. J. Med. 260, 1303.
White, A. (1961). Relation between quantitative nasal cultures and dissemination of staphylococci. J. Lab. din. Med. 58, 273.
Williams, R. E. O., Jevons, M. P., Shooter, R. A., Hunter, C. J. W., Girling, J. A., Griffiths, J. D. & Taylor, G. W. (1959). Nasal staphylococci and sepsis in hospital patients. Br. med. J. ii, 658.
Williams, R. E. O., Noble, W. C., Jevons, M. P., Lidwell, O. M., Shooter, R. A., White, R. G., Thom, B. T. & Taylor, G. W. (1962). Isolation for the control of staphylococcal infection in surgical wards. Br. med. J. ii, 275.
Wise, R. I., Sweeney, F. J. Jr, Haupt, G. J. & Waddell, M. A. (1959). The environmental distribution of Staphylococcus aureus in an operating suite. Ann. Surg. 149, 30.
Recommend this journal

Email your librarian or administrator to recommend adding this journal to your organisation's collection.

Epidemiology & Infection
  • ISSN: 0950-2688
  • EISSN: 1469-4409
  • URL: /core/journals/epidemiology-and-infection
Please enter your name
Please enter a valid email address
Who would you like to send this to? *

CAPTCHA *

Skip to the audio challenge
×

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 7 *
Loading metrics...

Abstract views

Total abstract views: 159 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between September 2016 - 12th June 2018. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Cancel
Confirm
×