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Sandberg, M. Dahl, J. Lindegaard, L. L. and Pedersen, J. R. 2017. Compliance/non-compliance with biosecurity rules specified in the Danish Quality Assurance system (KIK) and Campylobacter- positive broiler flocks 2012 and 2013. Poultry Science, Vol. 96, Issue. 1, p. 184.
Amene, E. Horn, B. Pirie, R. Lake, R. and Döpfer, D. 2016. Filling gaps in notification data: a model-based approach applied to travel related campylobacteriosis cases in New Zealand. BMC Infectious Diseases, Vol. 16, Issue. 1,
Bojanić, K. Midwinter, A. C. Marshall, J. C. Rogers, L. E. Biggs, P. J. and Acke, E. 2016. Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Client-Owned Dogs and Cats, and Retail Raw Meat Pet Food in the Manawatu, New Zealand. Zoonoses and Public Health,
IRSHAD, H. COOKSON, A. L. ROSS, C. M. JAROS, P. PRATTLEY, D. J. DONNISON, A. McBRIDE, G. MARSHALL, J. and FRENCH, N. P. 2016. Diversity and relatedness of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and Campylobacter jejuni between farms in a dairy catchment. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 144, Issue. 07, p. 1406.
Mossong, Joël Mughini-Gras, Lapo Penny, Christian Devaux, Anthony Olinger, Christophe Losch, Serge Cauchie, Henry-Michel van Pelt, Wilfrid and Ragimbeau, Catherine 2016. Human Campylobacteriosis in Luxembourg, 2010–2013: A Case-Control Study Combined with Multilocus Sequence Typing for Source Attribution and Risk Factor Analysis. Scientific Reports, Vol. 6, p. 20939.
BOLWELL, C. F. GILPIN, B. J. CAMPBELL, D. and FRENCH, N. P. 2015. Evaluation of the representativeness of a sentinel surveillance site for campylobacteriosis. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 143, Issue. 09, p. 1990.
Sandberg, M. Sørensen, L. L. Steenberg, B. Chowdhury, S. Ersbøll, A. K. and Alban, L. 2015. Risk factors forCampylobactercolonization in Danish broiler flocks, 2010 to 2011. Poultry Science, Vol. 94, Issue. 3, p. 447.
Wilhelm, Barbara Muellner, Petra Pearl, David L. Rajić, Andrijana Houde, Alain and McEwen, Scott A. 2015. Preliminary molecular epidemiological investigation of hepatitis E virus sequences from Québec, Canada. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Vol. 118, Issue. 4, p. 359.
BOYSEN, L. ROSENQUIST, H. LARSSON, J. T. NIELSEN, E. M. SØRENSEN, G. NORDENTOFT, S. and HALD, T. 2014. Source attribution of human campylobacteriosis in Denmark. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 142, Issue. 08, p. 1599.
Deckert, Anne E. Taboada, Eduardo Mutschall, Steven Poljak, Zvonimir Reid-Smith, Richard J. Tamblyn, Susan Morrell, Larry Seliske, Patrick Jamieson, Frances B. Irwin, Rebecca Dewey, Catherine E. Boerlin, Patrick and McEwen, Scott A. 2014. Molecular Epidemiology ofCampylobacter jejuniHuman and Chicken Isolates from Two Health Units. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, Vol. 11, Issue. 2, p. 150.
Gölz, Greta Rosner, Bettina Hofreuter, Dirk Josenhans, Christine Kreienbrock, Lothar Löwenstein, Anna Schielke, Anika Stark, Klaus Suerbaum, Sebastian Wieler, Lothar H. and Alter, Thomas 2014. Relevance of Campylobacter to public health—The need for a One Health approach. International Journal of Medical Microbiology, Vol. 304, Issue. 7, p. 817.
Kvalsvig, A. Baker, M.G. Sears, A. and French, N. 2014. Encyclopedia of Food Safety.
Mughini-Gras, Lapo Enserink, Remko Friesema, Ingrid Heck, Max van Duynhoven, Yvonne van Pelt, Wilfrid and Chang, Yung-Fu 2014. Risk Factors for Human Salmonellosis Originating from Pigs, Cattle, Broiler Chickens and Egg Laying Hens: A Combined Case-Control and Source Attribution Analysis. PLoS ONE, Vol. 9, Issue. 2, p. e87933.
MUGHINI-GRAS, L. SMID, J. H. WAGENAAR, J. A. DE BOER, A. HAVELAAR, A. H. FRIESEMA, I. H. M. FRENCH, N. P. GRAZIANI, C. BUSANI, L. and VAN PELT, W. 2014. Campylobacteriosis in returning travellers and potential secondary transmission of exotic strains. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 142, Issue. 06, p. 1277.
Tauxe, R.V. and Besser, J.M. 2014. Encyclopedia of Food Safety.
GILPIN, B. J. WALSH, G. ON, S. L. SMITH, D. MARSHALL, J. C. and FRENCH, N. P. 2013. Application of molecular epidemiology to understanding campylobacteriosis in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 141, Issue. 06, p. 1253.
GRAS, L. MUGHINI SMID, J. H. WAGENAAR, J. A. KOENE, M. G. J. HAVELAAR, A. H. FRIESEMA, I. H. M. FRENCH, N. P. FLEMMING, C. GALSON, J. D. GRAZIANI, C. BUSANI, L. and VAN PELT, W. 2013. Increased risk for Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli infection of pet origin in dog owners and evidence for genetic association between strains causing infection in humans and their pets. Epidemiology and Infection, Vol. 141, Issue. 12, p. 2526.
Kittl, Sonja Heckel, Gerald Korczak, Bożena M. Kuhnert, Peter and Chang, Yung-Fu 2013. Source Attribution of Human Campylobacter Isolates by MLST and Fla-Typing and Association of Genotypes with Quinolone Resistance. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue. 11, p. e81796.
Lal, Aparna Ikeda, Takayoshi French, Nigel Baker, Michael G. Hales, Simon and Boni, Maciej F. 2013. Climate Variability, Weather and Enteric Disease Incidence in New Zealand: Time Series Analysis. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue. 12, p. e83484.
Lévesque, Simon Fournier, Eric Carrier, Nathalie Frost, Eric Arbeit, Robert D. Michaud, Sophie and Chang, Yung-Fu 2013. Campylobacteriosis in Urban versus Rural Areas: A Case-Case Study Integrated with Molecular Typing to Validate Risk Factors and to Attribute Sources of Infection. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue. 12, p. e83731.
The epidemiology of human campylobacteriosis is complex but in recent years understanding of this disease has advanced considerably. Despite being a major public health concern in many countries, the presence of multiple hosts, genotypes and transmission pathways has made it difficult to identify and quantify the determinants of human infection and disease. This has delayed the development of successful intervention programmes for this disease in many countries including New Zealand, a country with a comparatively high, yet until recently poorly understood, rate of notified disease. This study investigated the epidemiology of Campylobacter jejuni at the genotype-level over a 3-year period between 2005 and 2008 using multilocus sequence typing. By combining epidemiological surveillance and population genetics, a dominant, internationally rare strain of C. jejuni (ST474) was identified, and most human cases (65·7%) were found to be caused by only seven different genotypes. Source association of genotypes was used to identify risk factors at the genotype-level through multivariable logistic regression and a spatial model. Poultry-associated cases were more likely to be found in urban areas compared to rural areas. In particular young children in rural areas had a higher risk of infection with ruminant strains than their urban counterparts. These findings provide important information for the implementation of pathway-specific control strategies.
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