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Bone or Flesh: Defleshing and Post-Depositional Treatments at Körtik Tepe (Southeastern Anatolia, PPNA Period)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Yilmaz Selim Erdal
Yilmaz Selim Erdal*
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
*
[email: yserdal@hacettepe.edu.tr]
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Abstract

Cutmarks on the bones of ten individuals from Körtik Tepe, a Pre-Pottery Neolithic site in Southeastern Anatolia, were analysed using a bioarchaeological approach. Half of the ten individuals possess cutmarks on their crania only while the other five have cutmarks on both their cranial and postcranial bones. Diagnoses of these cutmarks suggest they were made on fresh cadavers, while skeletal data and burial customs reveal that the individuals with cutmarks were subject to human intervention in the decomposition process, understood as post-burial practices rather than secondary burials. This conclusion is supported by the application of plaster and paint as part of the burial customs. The process of defleshing is interpreted as an attempt to purify the corpse and to separate death from life.

Des traces de découpage sur les os de 10 individus de Körtik Tepe, un site du Néolithique précéramique en Anatolie du sud-est, sont examinées par une approche bioarchéologique. Six individus présentent des marques de découpe sur leurs crânes uniquement, tandis que les quatre autres ont des marques tant sur leurs os crâniens que post-crâniens. Le diagnostic de ces marques suggère qu'elles ont été effectuées sur des cadavres frais, tandis que les données squelettiques et les rites funéraires révèlent que les individus avec marques de découpage avaient été soumis à des interventions humaines pendant le processus de décomposition, interprétées comme pratiques post-inhumation plutôt que comme sépultures secondaires. Cette conclusion est étayée par l'application de plâtre et de couleur dans le cadre des rites funéraires. Le processus de décharnement est interprété comme un essai de purifier le cadavre et de séparer la mort de la vie. Translation by Isabelle Gerges.

Schnittmarken an den Knochen von zehn Individuen aus Körtik Tepe, einer Siedlung des präkeramischen Neolithikums in Südostanatolien, wurden mit einem bioarchäologischen Ansatz untersucht. Sechs Individuen weisen nur an ihren Schädeln Schnittmarken auf, während die vier anderen derartige Spuren zudem auch am postkranialen Skelett besaßen. Die Diagnosen dieser Marken deuten an, dass die Schnitte an frischen Leichnamen durchgeführt wurden, während die Skelettbefunde und die Bestattungspraktiken zeigen, dass die Individuen mit Schnittmarken während des Verwesungsprozesses menschlichen Manipulationen unterworfen waren, die eher als post-funerale Totenbehandlung denn als Sekundärbestattung verstanden werden können. Dieser Schluss wird durch den Überzug der Schädel mit Lehm und Farbe als Teil der Bestattungssitten unterstützt. Der Prozess der Entfleischung wird als Versuch der Reinigung des Leichnams und der Trennung von Leben und Tod gewertet. Translation by Heiner Schwarzberg.

Keywords

decompositiondefleshingscalpingNeolithicburial customspigmentpaintingplasterNear EastAnatoliadécompositiondécharnementscalpageNéolithiquerites funérairesocrecouleurplâtreProche-OrientAnatolieVerwesungEntfleischungSkalpierungNeolithikumBestattungssittenOckerBemalungLehmüberzugNaher OstenAnatolien
Type
Articles
Information
European Journal of Archaeology , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , 2015 , pp. 4 - 32
Copyright
Copyright © 2015 the European Association of Archaeologists 

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