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Medam, Tiphaine and Fagot, Joël 2016. Behavioral assessment of combinatorial semantics in baboons (Papio papio). Behavioural Processes, Vol. 123, p. 54.
Sterelny, Kim 2016. Cumulative Cultural Evolution and the Origins of Language. Biological Theory,
Čadková, Lucie 2015. Do They Speak Language?. Biosemiotics, Vol. 8, Issue. 1, p. 9.
Luuk, Erkki 2015. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences.
Oviedo, Lluis 2015. RELIGION AS A LANGUAGE: EXPLORING ALTERNATIVE PATHS IN CONVERSATION WITH POSTREDUCTIONIST ANTHROPOLOGIES. Zygon®, Vol. 50, Issue. 4, p. 982.
Luuk, Erkki and Luuk, Hendrik 2014. The evolution of syntax: Signs, concatenation and embedding. Cognitive Systems Research, Vol. 27, p. 1.
Luuk, Erkki 2013. The structure and evolution of symbol. New Ideas in Psychology, Vol. 31, Issue. 2, p. 87.
Allchin, Douglas 2012. To be Human. The American Biology Teacher, Vol. 74, Issue. 2, p. 132.
Gontier, Nathalie 2012. Selectionist Approaches in Evolutionary Linguistics: An Epistemological Analysis. International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, Vol. 26, Issue. 1, p. 67.
Lupyan, Gary 2012. The Psychology of Learning and Motivation.
Luuk, Erkki and Luuk, Hendrik 2011. The redundancy of recursion and infinity for natural language. Cognitive Processing, Vol. 12, Issue. 1, p. 1.
Okanoya, Kazuo 2007. Language evolution and an emergent property. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, Vol. 17, Issue. 2, p. 271.
Human language is qualitatively different from animal communication systems in at least two separate ways. Human languages contain tens of thousands of arbitrary learned symbols (mainly words). No other animal communication system involves learning the component symbolic elements afresh in each individual's lifetime, and certainly not in such vast numbers. Human language also has complex compositional syntax. The meanings of our sentences are composed from the meanings of the constituent parts (e.g. the words). This is obvious to us, but no other animal communication system (with honeybees as an odd but distracting exception) puts messages together in this way. A recent theoretical claim that the sole distinguishing feature of human language is recursion is discussed, and related to these features of learned symbols and compositional syntax. It is argued that recursive thought could have existed in prelinguistic hominids, and that the key step to language was the innovative disposition to learn massive numbers of arbitrary symbols
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