Hostname: page-component-7dd5485656-j7khd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-10-30T11:52:21.157Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A Hierarchical Classification of Farm Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 April 2017

L. O. Fresco  and
E. Westphal
L. O. Fresco
Affiliation:
Department of Tropical Crop Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
E. Westphal
Affiliation:
Department of Tropical Crop Science, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A framework is proposed for the classification of farm systems, which are defined as decisionmaking units comprising farm household, cropping and livestock systems that transform land, capital and labour into products for consumption and sale. Two general principles underlying the classification are outlined. First, since farm systems are embedded in a hierarchical structure, the classification is based on the characteristics of the underlying systems and their interactions. Secondly, ecological factors, i.e. physical and biological parameters, are the primary determinants of farm systems. Changes in farm systems, at least in the foreseeable future, depend on the development of socio-economic variables. The classification is summarized in a set of comprehensive tables.

L. O. Fresco y E. Westphal: Una clasificación jerárquica de sistemas agrícolas

Resumen

Resumen

Se propone un marco para la clasificación de sistemas agrícolas, que se definen como unidades tomadoras de decisiones que comprenden la 'familia' agri'cola, los sistemas de cultivos y ganadero que transforman la tierra, el capital y el trabajo en productos para el consumo y la venta. Se resumen dos principios generates que forman la base de la clasificación: en primer lugar, ya que los sistemas agrícolas se encuentran dentro de una estructura jerárquica, la clasificacion se basa sobre las caracteristicas de los sistemas subyacentes y sus interacciones; en segundo lugar, los factores ecológicos, es decir, parametros fi'sicos y biológicos, son los determinantes primordiales de los sistemas agrícolas. Los cambios en los sistemas agrícolas, por lo menos en el futuro previsible, dependen del desarrollo de variables socioeconómicas. La clasificación se resume en una serie de cuadros amplios.

Information

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 24 , Issue 4 , October 1988 , pp. 399 - 419
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1988

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Allan, W., Gluckman, M. & Peters, D. U. (1945). Land Holding and Land Usage among the Plateau Tonga of Mazabuka District: a Reconnaissance Survey. Westport.Google Scholar
Beek, K.J. (1978). Land Evaluation for Agricultural Development. Wageningen:ILRI.Google Scholar
Boserup, E. (1965). The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
CGIAR/TAC (1985). TAC Review of CGIAR Priorities and Future Strategies. Rome: TAC Secretariat.Google Scholar
Collinson, M. P. (1984). Diagnosing the problems of small farmer needs. In Proceedings IVth Agricultural Sector Symposium, 124–146. Washington: World Bank.Google Scholar
Cooper, P. J. M., Gregory, P. J., Tulley, D. & Harris, H. C. (1987). Improving water use efficiency of annual crops in the rainfed farming systems of West Asia and Northern Africa. Experimental Agriculture 23:113–158.Google Scholar
Duckham, A. N. & Masefield, G. B. (1970). Farming Systems of the World. London: Chatto & Windus.Google Scholar
Fresco, L. O. (1986). Cassava in Shifting Cultivation. A Systems Approach to Agricultural Technology Development in Africa. Amsterdam: Royal Tropical Institute.Google Scholar
Gomez, A. A. & Gomez, K. A. (1983). Multiple Cropping in the Humid Tropics of Asia. Ottawa. IDRC.Google Scholar
Grigg, D. B. (1974). Agricultural Systems of the World. An Evolutionary Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hart, R. D. (1982). One farm system in Honduras: a case study in farm systems research. In Readings in Farming Systems Research, 59–73 (Eds W. W. Shaner, M. Phillip and M. Schmehl). Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Hart, R. D. & Pinchinat, A. M. (1982). Integrative agricultural systems research. In Caribbean Seminar on Farming Systems Research Methodology. Basse Terre, Guadeloupe: IICA/INRA.Google Scholar
Huisman, A. (1985). Choice and uncertainty in a semi-subsistence economy. A study of decision making in a Philippine village. PhD thesis Wageningen Agricultural University.Google Scholar
ICRISAT (1987). Looking Ahead: a 10-year Plan. Patanchem, India: ICRISAT.Google Scholar
IITA (1984). Annual Report 1983. Ibadan: OTA.Google Scholar
IRRI (1985). Women in rice farming. Conference Proceedings, IRRI, 26-30 September 1983. Hants, England: Gower.Google Scholar
Jackson, I. J. (1977). Climate, Water and Agriculture in the Tropics. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Lagemann, J. (1977). Traditional African Farming Systems in Eastern Nigeria. Afrika-Studien 98. Miinchen: Weltforum Verlag.Google Scholar
McDowell, R. E. & Hildebrand, P. E. (1983). Integrating Crop and Animal Production: Making the Most of Resources Available to Small Farms in the Developing Countries. The Rockefeller Foundation.Google Scholar
Mclntire, J. & Gryseels, G. (1987). Crop-livestock interactions in sub-Saharan Africa and their implications for fanning systems research. Experimental Agriculture 23:235–243.Google Scholar
Miracle, M. (1967). Shifting Cultivation in the Congo Basin. Madison, USA: University of Wisconsin Press.Google Scholar
Mohr, E. C. J., Van Baren, F. A. & Van Schuylenborch, J. (1972). Tropical Soils. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Moorman, F. R. & Van Breemen, N. (1978). Rice: Soil, Water, Land. Los Banos: IRRI.Google Scholar
Nair, P. K. R. (1985). Classification of agro-forestry systems. Agroforestry Systems 3:97–128.Google Scholar
Nieuwok, S. (1977). Tropical Climatology. An Introduction to the Climates of the Low Latitudes. London: John Wiley fc Sons.Google Scholar
Odum, H. T. (1983). Systems Ecology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Richards, P. (1985). Indigenous Agricultural Revolution: Ecology and Food Production in West Africa. London/Boulder, Colorado: Hutchinson/Westview Press.Google Scholar
Ruthenberg, H. (1980). Farming Systems in the Tropics. Third Edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Sail, S., Kamuanga, M. & Posner, J. (1983). La Recherche sur Us Systemes de Production en Basse-Casamance. Djibelor: ISRA.Google Scholar
Sanchez, P. A. (1976). Properties and Management of Soils in the Tropics. New York and London: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Schaar, J. (1981). The Link between Man and Soil - on the Role of Livestock in Tropical Farming Systems. Rural Development Studies 10. Uppsala: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.Google Scholar
Simmonds, N. W. (1986). A short review of Farming Systems Research in the tropics. Experimental Agriculture 22:1–13.Google Scholar
Soegito, , Siemonsma, J. S., Sutrisno, & Kuntyastuti, Henny. (1986). Soybean on-farm yield trials in Pasuruan. Penelitian Palawija 1:16–25.Google Scholar
Soegito, & Siemonsma, J. S. (1985). Soybean improvement Paper i (On-farm Programme Wonorejo). Melang: Marif.Google Scholar
Spedding, C. R. W. (1979). An Introduction to Agricultural Systems. London: Applied Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Tardieu, F. (1976). Sistemas de Cultivo en la Zona Maicera del Cauejdn de Huaylas. Lima, Peru: Universidad Nacional Agraria ‘La Molina'.Google Scholar
Tully, D. (1986). Rainfed farming systems of the Near East region. In Proceedings of Workshop on Soil, Water and Crop/Livestock Systems for Rainfed Agriculture in the Near East Region. Amman, Jordan.Google Scholar
Webster, C C. & Wilson, P. N. (1980). Agriculture in the Tropics. Second Edition. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Westphal, E. (1975). Agricultural Systems in Ethiopia. Wageningen: Pudoc.Google Scholar
Westphal, E., Embrechts, J., Mbouemboue, P., Boyomo, Mouzong & Westphal-Stevels, J. M. C. (1981). L'agriculture autochtone au Cameroun: les techniques culturales, les sequences de culture, les plantes alimentaires et leur consommation. In Miscellaneous Papers 20. Landbouwhogeschool, Wageningen: Agricultural University.Google Scholar