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Radiation and Crops

  • J. L. Monteith (a1)
Summary

The analysis of radiation climate is a central problem of agricultural meteorology because rates of photosynthesis depend on the receipt of visible light and rates of transpiration depend on the net exchange of radiation by a crop canopy. Both short-wave (solar) and long-wave (terrestrial) radiation are correlated with cloud amount, and in south-east England the income of net radiation in summer is proportional to the income of solar radiation.

In principle, the fraction of total radiation in the visible waveband depends on cloud cover and on the amount of absorption and scattering in the atmosphere, but in practice the fraction is often between 0·40 and 0·45. The calculation of photosynthetic efficiency needs a figure for the number of quanta (or Einsteins) per unit energy, and this figure can be calculated from the mean wavelength of the radiation weighted by energy, about 0·55μ for direct sunlight.

The reflection of radiation by vegetation changes with solar elevation, and at angles between 40° and 60° it ranges between 0·15 for a rough crop (e.g. pineapple) to 0·26 for smoother crops (e.g. sugar beet, kale). The transmission of radiation through the canopy can be expressed as a function of the leaf area index and a parameter that depends on the distribution and orientation of leaves.

Copyright
COPYRIGHT: © Cambridge University Press 1965
References
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Experimental Agriculture
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