Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-m8qmq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-24T02:08:39.625Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Assessment of genetic diversity in horticultural and morphological traits among papaya (Carica papaya) accessionsin Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2012

Peter O. Aikpokpodion
Peter O. Aikpokpodion*
Affiliation:
Dep. Genet. Biotechnol., Fac. Sci., Univ. Calabar, PMB 1115, Calabar, Nigeria
*
* Correspondence and reprints
Get access

Abstract

Introduction. Although Nigeria has the largest area planted to papaya (Carica papaya) in the world, this country has one of the lowest yields reported. A good knowledge of the available genetic variability is a first step in the exploitation of this crop for the development of improved cultivars. Until now, there has been no report on genetic diversity in the papaya accessions available in Nigeria. Materials and methods. Sixty accessions of papaya obtained from ten districts in Southeastern Nigeria were evaluated using 21 variables following the IBPGR descriptors for papaya. The data was subjected to descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multivariate analysis including principal component (PCA) and cluster analysis. Results. ANOVA showed significant variation among accessions in fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit edible volume, leaf petiole length, fruit shape, flesh color and central cavity shape. The first seven principal component axes accounted for 73.47% of total variation and five cluster groups were generated from cluster analysis. Accessions were classified into two broad groups corresponding to female (15%) and hermaphrodite (85%) plants. A strong and highly significant correlation was found between leaf blade and petiole length and fruit characteristics such as length, diameter and fruit edible volume, a variable derived for the first time in this study. There was a preponderance of yellow flesh color in fruits from female plants and reddish-orange flesh color among hermaphrodite plants. Discussion and conclusions. Each of the five cluster groups consists of accessions that could be used as parents in further breeding or clones for vegetative propagation. This study revealed significant variation that could be exploited for genetic improvement of papaya in Nigeria. It is recommended that a focused papaya genetic improvement program should be pursued to exploit the genetic variation available.

Keywords

NigeriaCarica papayagenetic variationstatistical methodsNigériaCarica papayavariation génétiqueméthode statistiqueNigeriaCarica papayavariación genéticamétodos estadísticos
Type
Original article
Information
Fruits , Volume 67 , Issue 3 , May 2012 , pp. 173 - 187
Copyright
© 2012 Cirad/EDP Sciences

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arumuganathan, K., Earle, E.D., Nuclear DNA content of some important plant species, Plant Mol. Biol. Rep. 9 (1991) 208–218.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, Z., Moore, P.H., Ma, H., Ackerman, C.M., Ragiba, M., Yu, Q., Pearl, H.M., Kim, M.S., Charlton, J.W., Stiles, J.I., Zee, F.T., Paterson, A.H., Ming, R., A primitive Y chromosome in papaya marks incipient sex chromosome evolution, Nature 427 (2004) 348–352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nakasome H.Y., Paull R.E., Papaya, in: Tropical fruits, CAB Int., Wallingford, Oxon, U.K., 2008, pp. 239–269.
Chen, M.H., Chen, C.C., Wang, D.N., Chen, F.C., Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from immature embryos of Carica papaya × Carica cauliflora culture in vitro, Can. J. Bot. 68 (1991) 1913–1918.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villegas V.N., Carica papaya L., in: Verheiji E.W.M., Cornel R.E. (Eds.), Plant resources of South East Asia. 2: Edible fruits and nuts, PROSEA Found., Bryor, Indones., 1997.
Campostrini, E., Yamanishi, O.K., Estimation of papaya leaf area using the central vein length, Sci. Agric. 58 (2001) 39–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon., Consensus document on compositional considerations for new varieties of papaya (Carica papaya L.): Key food and feed nutrients, anti nutrients, toxicants and allergens, OECD, Ser. The safety of novel foods and feeds, no. 21, 2010, 40 p.
Yon R.M., Papaya: Fruit development, postharvest physiology, handling and marketing in ASEAN, Food Technol. Res. Cent., Malays. Agric. Res. Dev., Kuala Lumpur, Malays., 1994.
Paull, R.E., Irikura, B., Wu, P., Turano, H., Chen, N.J., Blas, A., Fellman, J.K., Gschwend, A.R., Wai, C.M., Yu, Q., Presting, G., Alam, M., Ming, R., Fruit development, ripening and quality related genes in the papaya genome, Trop. Plant Biol. Vol. 1 (2008) 246–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anon., Codex standard for papaya, Codex Stand. Ser. no. 183–1993, Rev. 1–2001, Amd. 1–2005, 2005.
Stice, K.N., McGregor, A.M., Kumar, S.N., Konam, J., ‘Fiji Red’ Papaya: Progress and prospects in developing a major agriculture diversification industry, Acta Hortic. 851(2010) 423–426.Google Scholar
Picha, D., Horticultural crop quality characteristics important in international trade, Acta Hortic. 712 (2006) 423–426.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharon, D., Hillel, J., Vainstein, A., Lavi, U., Application of DNA fingerprints for identification and genetic analysis of Carica papaya and other Carica species, Euphytica 62 (1992) 119–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, M.S., Moore, P.H., Zee, F., Fitch, M.M.M., Steiger, D.L., Manshardt, R.M., Paull, R.E., Drew, R.A., Sekioka, T., Ming, R., Genetic diversity of Carica papaya as revealed by AFLP markers, Genome 45 (2002) 503–512.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Silva, F.F., Pereira, M.G., Damasceno, P.C. Jr., Pereira, T.N.S., Viana, A.P., Daher, R.F., Ramos, H.C.C., Ferrequett, G.A., Evaluation of sexual expression in a segregating C. papaya population, Crop Breed. Appl. Biotech. 7 (2007) 16–23. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, S.L.D., Pereira, M.G., Amaral, A.T. Jr., Martelleto, L.A.P., Ide, C.D., Partial diallel to evaluate the combining ability for economically important traits of papaya, Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.) 63 (2006) 540–546.Google Scholar
Magdalita, P.M., Valencia, L.D., Marcado, C.P., Duka, I.M.A., Recent developments in papaya breeding in the Philippines, Acta Hortic. 740 (2007) 49–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eustice, M., Yu, Q., Lai, C.W., Hou, S., Thimmapuram, J., Liu, L., Alam, M., Moore, P.H., Presting, G.G., Mong, R., Development and application of microsatellite markers for genomic analysis of papaya, Tree Genet. Genomes 4 (2008) 333–341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asudi, G.O., Ombwara, F.K., Rimberia, F.K., Nyende, A.B., Ateka, E.M., Wamocho, L.S., Shitanda, D., Onyango, A., Morphological diversity of Kenyan papaya germplasm, Afr. J. Biotech. 9 (2010) 8754–8762. Google Scholar
Ocampo, J.P., Coppens, d’Eeckenbrugge G., Bruyère, S., De Bellaire, L.L., Ollitrault, P., Organization of morphological and genetic diversity of Caribbean and Venezuelan papaya germplasm, Fruits 61(2006) 25–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crane J.H., Papaya growing in Florida home landscape, Univ. Fla., IFAS, Hortic. Sci. Dep., Fla. Coop. Serv., Fact Sheet HS11, rev. Oct. 2008, http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG054
Aquilizan F.A., Breeding system for fixing stable papaya inbred lines with breeding potential for hybrid variety production, in: The breeding of horticulture crops, Food Fertil. Cent. Asian Pac. Reg., Taipei, Taiwan, 1987, pp. 101–106.
Aikpokpodion, P.O., Variation in agro-morphological characteristics of cacao, Theobroma cacao L., in farmers' fields in Nigeria, N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci. 38 (2010) 157–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elder, R.J., Macleod, W.N.B., Bell, K.L., Tyas, J.A., Gillespie, R.L., Growth, yield and phenology of two hybrid papayas (C. papaya L.) as influenced by method of water application, Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 40 (2000) 739–746.CrossRefGoogle Scholar