Hostname: page-component-8448b6f56d-xtgtn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-18T11:01:46.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Arabic Sources on Somalia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 May 2014

Mohamed Haji Mukhtar
Mohamed Haji Mukhtar*
Affiliation:
Somali National University
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

In recent years scholars of different nationalities (including Somalis) have devoted much time and effort to acquiring information about the Somali past using different means and through the available sources on the region. However, the Arabic written sources of information on Somalia have long been neglected and remain so. The purpose of this paper is to call attention to the need for a more comprehensive reading of Arabic sources, and to show that Arabic sources have much to contribute to knowledge about Somalia. I will try to trace these sources and list them in a chronological manner, starting with the early Arab sources, especially from the period which followed the emergence of Islam on the Arabian peninsula when Islam made its way into the Horn of Africa.

Secondly, I will look at sources from medieval Islam in Somalia, when Islam spread from the coastal centers on the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean into the hinterlands of the Horn, the period which marked the struggle between Islam and Christianity. Thirdly, I will look at the period after the collapse of Muslim power in the late sixteenth century, almost two centuries when the Muslims of the Horn (the Somalis) were surrounded by Ethio-Portuguese alliances both to the north and in the Indian Ocean to the south. This period marked a time when the condition of the Somali Muslims became similar to that formerly endured by the Ethiopians, who had been surrounded by Muslims on all sides.

Type
Research Article
Information
History in Africa , Volume 14 , 1987 , pp. 141 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1987

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

ʿAbd al-Ḥalīm., ʿAbd al-Munʿim “Dirāsah liʿAlaqat Miṡrah al-Qadīmah bi Bilāad Bunt [study on the ancient Egyptian relation to Puntland].” M.A., Cairo University, Institute of African Studies. Cairo, 1968.Google Scholar
Hirsī, ʿAlī Abd al-Raḥmān. “The Arab Factor in Somali History, the Origins And The Development of Arab Enterprise and Cultural Influence In The Somali Peninsula.” Ph.D., UCLA, 1977.Google Scholar
Al-Idrīsī, Abī ʿAbd Allah Muḥammad bin Muhammad bin ʿAbd Allah. “Kitāb Nuzhat al-Mushtāq fī Ikhtirāq al-āfāq.” [The book of the travels of one who cannot travel himself]. MS. Pococke 375, Arch. O.C. 2 Bod. Oxford. And in British Museum Supplement 685, or. 4636. “Mukhtaṣar Kitāb Nuzhat al-Mushtāq fī Ikhtirāq al-Āfāq.” [The summary of the book of the travels of one who cannot travel himself]. The sections related to east Africa, particularly the Somali Coasts from al-Idrisi's book, are well exploited by C. Guillain in his Documents sur l'histoire, la geographie et le commerce de l'Afrique orientale. 4 vols.: Paris, 1856.Google Scholar
Ibn Mājid, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Mājid al-Sa ʿdī. “Ḥāwiyat al-Ikhtiṣār fī Uṣū'l ʿIlm al-Bihār.” [The science and knowledge of seas and oceans]. MS. Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris, No. 2292.Google Scholar
Ibn Mājid, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad Ibn Mājid al-Sa ʿdī. “al-Urjūzah al-Sufāliyah.” Ms. in Leningrad, . ed. Shomovesky, published by Russian Academy of Science (in Russian). Leningrad, 1957.Google Scholar
Al-Khazrajī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn abū al-Hasan ʿAlī bin abi Bakr al-Zabīdī. “al-ʿAsjud al-Masbūk wa-al-Jawhar al-Maḥbūk fī Akhbār Sīrat al-Khulafā'i wa al-Mulūk.” [The life story of Caliphs and Kings]. MS. No. 736 (Tārīkh), in Maʿhad al-Makhṭūtāt al- Arabiyah, Cairo. (The second part of this MS. deals with the rulers of Egypt, Sham, and kings and kingdoms of Africa.)Google Scholar
Mukhtar., Muḥammad Hāji “Tārīkh al-Istiʿmār al-Īṭāli fī al-Ṣūmāl Ḥattá 1908.” [History of the Italian colonialism in the history of Adal Sultanate, sometimes called the Saʿd al-Dīh Land “Barr Saʿd al-Din”]; this was written around the tenth century A.H., and was edited by De Sacy. Chrestomathie Arabe. Text I., 139. following its translation on p. 112.Google Scholar
Afraḥ, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. “al-Ḥarakah al-Masrahiyah fī al-Ṣūmāl: Tajribah Farīdah min Nawʿihā” [On the development oí the Somali play], Majallat “Al-Hikmah” al-Yamaniyah, no. 126, Sanʿā': (October 1985).Google Scholar
al-Shaykh., Ahmad bin Ḥusayn bin MuḥammadMunāqib al-ʿĀrif bi-Allāh wa-al-Dāll ʿAlayhi, al-Imām al-Shaykh wa-Fakhr al-Ḥaqīqah al-Ustādh al-Shaykh Ismāʿil bin Ibrāhīm al-Jabartī [The wondrous deeds of the man who had knowledge of God and was the leader of others to him, the Imam of the holy Law the glory of truth, the Teacher, al-Shaykh Isma'il bin Ibrahim al-Jabarti]. Cairo : Mustafā al-Babī al-Ḥalabī wa-Awladuhu, 1945.Google Scholar
al-Shaykh., Ahmad bin Ḥusayn bin Muḥammadal-Nil al-Azraq [The Blue Nile], trans. Luga, Nazmi, Cairo: Dàr al-Maʿārif, 1966.Google Scholar
ʿAli Ādan., ʿAlawi “The Arabic Literature of Somalia. A Preliminary account,” Proceedings of the International Congress of Somali Studies, ed. Geshekter, Charles L. and Adam, K.M.Chico: Scholars Press, 1984.Google Scholar
al-Halīm., ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿAbdAl-Jamhūriydh al-Ṣūmāliyah “Al-iqlīm al-Junūbī”. [The Somali Republic “southern Region”]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Sharq, 1960.Google Scholar
al-Halīm., ʿAbd al-Munʿim ʿAbdṢūmāliya. [Somalia]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Sharq, 1965.Google Scholar
Yūnus., ʿAbd al-Mun ʿimAl-Ṣūmāl. [Somalia]. Cairo: Dār al-Nahḍah al-ḍArabiyah, 1962.Google Scholar
al-Mushid., ʿAbd AllahTaqrīr ʿ'An Ahwāl al-Muslimīn fī Bilād al-Ṣūmāl wa-Aritrya wa-al-Ḥabashah. [Report about Muslim Conditions in Somaliland, Eritrea, Aden, and Abyssinia]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Azhar, 1951.Google Scholar
Hindī., ʿAbd al-FattāhTārīkh al-Ṣūmāl fī al-ʿIsūr al-Qadīmah [Ancient History of Somalia]. Cairo: Dār al-Ma ʿārif, 1961.Google Scholar
Hindī., ʿAbd al-FattāhJughrāfiyat al-Sūmāl. [Geography of Somalia]. Cairo: Dàr al-Maʿarif, 1961.Google Scholar
ʿĀbidīn., ʿAbd al-MajīdBayna al-Babashah wa-al-ʿArab. [Between Arabs and Abyssinia]. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1947.Google Scholar
al-Rāfiʿī., ʿAbd al-RaḥmānʿAsr Ismāʿīl. [The Era of Khedive Ismaʿil]. 2d ed.: 2 vols.: Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyah, 1948.Google Scholar
al-Najjār., ʿAbd al-Paḥmānal-Islām fī al-Ṣūmāl. [Islam in Somalia]. Cairo: Al-Majlis al-Aʿlā li-al-Shu'ūn al-Islāmiyah, 1973.Google Scholar
Zakī., ʿAbd al-Paḥmānal-Islām wa-al-Muslimūn fī Sharq Ifrīqiya. [Islam and Muslims of East Africa]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Yūsuf, 1960.Google Scholar
Zakī., ʿAbd al-Paḥmānal-Islām wa-al-Ḥaḍārah al-ʿArabiyah fī Sharq Ifrīqiya. [Islam and Arab Civilization in East Africa]. Cairo: al-Majallah al-Miṣriyah li-al-Dirāsāt al-Tārīkhiyah. Vol. 21, 1972.Google Scholar
Zakī., ʿAbd al-PaḥmānBaʿd al-Mudun al-Islāmiyah fī Sāḥil Sharq Ifrīqiya. [Muslim Cities on the East African Coast]. Cairo: Majallat al-Jamʿiyah al-Jughrāfiyah al-Miṣriyah, 1964.Google Scholar
Marzūq., ʿAbd al-ṢabbūrThā'ir min-al-Ṣūmāl. [Guerrilla from Somalia]. Cairo: al-Dār al-Qawmiyah li-al-Tabāʿah wa-al-Nashr, n.d.Google Scholar
ʿAIT., Abū al-Fidā' Ismāʿīl binal-Mukhtasar fī Akhbār al-Bashar. [Short History of Mankind]. Known as: Tārīkh Abū al-Fidā'. [History of Abul Fida]. 5 Volumes, Lahai: 1789.Google Scholar
Bardī., Abū al-Maḥāsin Ibn Taghrīal-Nujūm al-Zāhirah fī Mulük Miṣrah wa-al-Qāhirah. [The History of Kings of Egypt and Cairo]. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1851.Google Scholar
Hāfiz., Abū al-Hajjājal-Shahid Kamāl al-Dīh Sālah. [Kamal al-din Salah]. Cairo: Wazārat al-Shabāb, n.d.Google Scholar
al-Jīzānī., ʿArab Fiqīh Shihāb al-Dīm Aḥmad Ibn ʿAbd al-Qādir Bin SālimTuḥfat al-Zamāh, known as Futüh al-Ḥabashah. [The Conquest of Abyssinia]. René Basset published the book with translation and comments as Histoire de la Abyssinie. Paris, 1897. The Arabic text was published in 1974 by Al-Dār al-Qawmiyah li-al-Taba ah wa-al-Nashr under the Somali government sponsorship. There is a feeling that the book originally was more than one volume; the 1974 edition is the Bibliothèque Nationale's copy.Google Scholar
Mȧhī., Aḥmad BarkhatWathā'iq Tārīkhiyah ʿAn al-Ṣūmāl, wa-Aritrya, wa-al-Ḥabashah. [Historical Documents on Somalia, Eritrea, and Abyssinia]. Cairo: 1982.Google Scholar
al-Dīn., Aḥmad Bahā'Mu'āmarah fī Ifrīqiya. [A Plot in Africa]. Cairo: Isā al-Babī al-Ḥalabī, 1957.Google Scholar
Mūsā., Aḥmad Shaykhal-Tharāwat al-ḍayiʿah fī al-ḍūmāl. [The Unexploited Resources in Somalia]. Cairo: n.d.Google Scholar
Mūsā., Aḥmad Shaykhal-Quṭn fī al-Ṣūmāl. [Cotton in Somalia]. Cairo: 1960.Google Scholar
Mūsā., Aḥmad ShaykhHizb Allāh am Ḥizb al-Shayṭān. [The Party of God and the Party of Devils]. Cairo: 1959.Google Scholar
Nūr, ʿAlī Aḥmad (Trabulsī]. al-Nizāʿ al-Ṣūmāli al-Ithyūbī al-Judhūr al-Tārīkhiyah. [The Somalo/Ethiopian Dispute: A Historical Background]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Aṭlas, 1978.Google Scholar
al-Ḥalīm., Anwar ʿʿAbdIbn Mdjid al-Mallah. [Ibn Majid the Navigator]. Cairo: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī li-al-Ṭibāʿa wa-al-Hashr. Silsilat Aʿlām al-ʿArab, No. 63, 1967.Google Scholar
Ḥarrāz., Al sayyid Rajabal-Tawassuʿ al-Īṭālī fī Sharq Ifrīqiya wa-ta'sīs Mustaʿ maratay Aritriya wa-al-Sū;mā;l. [Italian Expansion in East Africa, and the Foundation of its Colonies, Eritrea and Somalia]. Cairo: Cairo University Press, 1960.Google Scholar
Ḥarrāz., Al sayyid RajabIfrīqiya al-Sharqiyah wa-al-Istiʿmār al-Urubbī. [European Colonization in East Africa]. Cairo: Dār al-Nahḍah al-ʿArabiyah, 1968.Google Scholar
Ḥarrāz., Al sayyid Rajabal-Dawlah al-ʿUbhmāhiyah wa Shibh Jazīrat al-ʿArab. [The Ottomans and the Arabian Peninsula], n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
al-Nuḍarī., ʿAydarūs Sharīf ʿAydarūs Sharīf ʿAli al-ʿAydarūsBughyat al-Amāl fī Tārīkh al-Ṣūmāl, li-Baʿd Mulūkihā wa-Sukkānihā wa-ʿUmrānihā wa-al-Dīn al-Ildhī Yaʿbudūnahu Qabla al-Islām bi-Thamā-niyah Qurūn. Ilā al-ān. [The Desire for Somali History, Their Kingdoms, Inhabitants, Their Life, and What They Worshipped Eight Centuries Before Islam Until Today]. Mogadicio: Stamperia AFIS, 1955.Google Scholar
Sayyid., Ayman FuādMaṣādir Tārīkh al-Yaman fī al-ʿAṣr al-Islāmī. [The Sources of Yemen History in the Muslim Epoch]. Cairo: Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, 1974.Google Scholar
Makhramah., Bā Makhramah Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh al-Tayib bin ʿAbd Allāh bin Aḥmad bin ʿAlī bāTarZkh Thaghr Adan. [History of Aden]. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1936. [This book is in two sections, the first dealing with ayas and hadiths as well as poems regarding the history of the city, the second with who was born in Aden, and who came to it in alphabetical order during the eighth and ninth centuries of Islam.]Google Scholar
al-Barāwī., Al-Barāwī Shaykh Qāsim bin MuḥyiddinMajmūʿ at al-Qaṣā'id. [Collection of Qadiri Famous Poems]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Muṣtafā al-Babī al-Halabī, 1955.Google Scholar
Bōlis Masʿ ad., al-Ḥabashah fī Munqalab Min Tārīkhiha. [History of Abyssinia]. Cairo: 1935. [Interesting information about the Ethiopian Expansion of the nineteenth century, and the Italo/Ethiopian crises of 1934/35.Google Scholar
wa-Ākharūn., Buṭrus Ghālī “al-Khilāf al-Ṣūmālī al-Ithyūbī al-Kīnī.” [The Somalo/Ethio/Kenyan dispute]. Cairo: Majallat al-siydsāh al-DawlZyah1, issue no. 19, 1970.Google Scholar
Al-Dimashqī, Shams al-Dīn Abī ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Dimashqī.Nukhbat al-Dahr fī Ajā'ib al-Barr wa-al-Baḥr. [Selected History of Land and Sea]. Amsterdam: Meridian Publication Company, 1964. Translated as Manuel de la CosmographZe de Moyen Age.Google Scholar
Ghayth (Al-Muhandis), Faṭhī. al-Islām wa-al-Habashah ʿAbr al-Tārīkh. [Abyssinia and Islam throughout the history]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyah, n.d.Google Scholar
Ḥasan., al-Fātih al-Tījānī ʿUmarWaḥdat al-Ṣūmāl Hadaf wa-Maṣīr “Limādhā Iltaja'a Abṭāl Pzrīq al-Asmant al-Ithyūbī li-Safarat al-Ṣūmāl bi-al-Kharṭūm?” [The Unification of Somalia is Imperative “Why The Champions of Ethiopian Football League (The Cement) sought asylum from the Somali Embassy at Khartoum in 1966”]. Kharṭūm, 1966.Google Scholar
al-Hararī., Faqi Tayyib al-WanāgīKitāb al-Parā'id. [About the popular literature of the Hararians and Principles of Islamic Law]. [The text is in E. Cerulli, “La lingua e la storia di Harar.” Studi Etiopioi, (1936), 282–343.]Google Scholar
Sālim., Ḥamdī al-Sayyidal-Ṣūmāl Qadīman wa-Ḥadīthan. [Somalia Past and Present]. Cairo: al-Dar al-Qawmiyah li-al-Ṭabaʿah wa-al-Nashr, 1965.Google Scholar
al-Ṭahīrī., ḤamdīQiṣṣat al-Ṣūmāl. [The Story of Somalia]. Cairo: Dar al-Sha'b, 1977.Google Scholar
ʿImārah., ḤāmidʿAlāqat al-Dawlah al-MamlūkZyah bZ-al-Duwal al-Ifrīqiyah. [The Relations Between Mamluk State of Egypt and the African States]. Cairo: 1957.Google Scholar
al-Bābilī., Ḥāmid ZuhayrFī Rubūʿ al-Ṣūmāl. [Across Somaliland]. Cairo, 1964. [Treats the relations between the Somali language and Arabic]Google Scholar
al-Ḥamawī, Shihāb al-Dīn Abī ʿAbd Allāh Yāqūt al-Hamawī.Kitāb Muʿjam al-Buldān. [Yaqut's Dictionary]. Leipzig: 1866.Google Scholar
Jawhar., Ḥasan Muhammadal-Ṣūmāl. [Somalia]. Siisilat Shu ʿūb al-ʿĀlam No. 17, Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, n.d.Google Scholar
al-Haymi, Sharaf al-Dīn al-Ḥasan bin Aḥmad bin Ṣalah al-Jamālī.Sīrat al-Qādī Sharaf al-Dīn fī Bukhūlihi Ard al-Ḥabashah, known as Sīrat al-Ḥabashah. [Sharaf al-Dīn's report on Abyssinia in 1057 A.H.]. ed. Kāmil, Mūrad, Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Āmmah 11-Shu'ūh al-Kaṭlāi al-Amiriyah, 1958.Google Scholar
Ibn Ayās, Muḥammad ibn Ahmad.Badā'ʿ al-Zuhūr fī Waqā'iʿ al-Duhūr. [A History of Egygt Until the Conquest of Ottomans]. 3 vols.: Cairo: al-Matbaʿah al-Kubra al-Amiriyah, 1894.Google Scholar
Ibn Ayās, Muḥammad ibn Ahmad.Ibn Ayas Dirasah wa-Buhuth. [Papers of a Symposium of the Egygtian Society on the Egyptian Historian Ibn Ayas). Ed. Ahmad ʿIzzat ʿAbd al-Karīm, Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Miṣriyah ai-ʿAmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1977.Google Scholar
Ibn Baṭūṭah, Abu ʿAbd Allah Muhammad Ibn ʿAbd Allah al-Ṭanjī.Tuḥfat al-Naṭār fī Gharā'Tb al-Amṣār wa-ʿAjā'ib al-Asfār, known as Riḥlat Ibn Baṭūṭah. Cairo, 1904.Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥajar al-ʿAsqallā'nī, Shihāb al-Dīn Aḥmad bin ʿAlī.al-Durar al-Kāminah fī Aʿ yān al-Miyah al-Thāminah. [Biographical Dictionary of the Noted Men of Eighth Century]. Hyderbad: Maṭbaʿat Dā'irat al-Maʿārif al-āUthmāniyah, 1929. (P.eprinted, Cairo: Matba at al-Madani, 1965.)Google Scholar
Ibn Ḥawqal, Abī al-Qāsim Ibn Hawqal al-Nusaybī.Kitāb Ṣūrat al-Ard. [The Shape of the Earth]. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1938.Google Scholar
Ibn Hishām, Abū Muhammad ʿAbd Allāh Bin Ilishām Bin Ayyūb al-Himyarī.al-Sīrah al-Pabawiyah. [The Life of the Prophet]. Cairo: ʿIsā al-Babī al-Ḥalabī wa-Shurakāh, 1955.Google Scholar
Ibn Khaldūn, Abd al-Rahman Ibn Muhammad.al-ʿIbar wa-Dīwān al-Mubtada' wa-al-Khabar fī Ayyām al-ʿArab wa-al-ʿAjam wa-al Barbar wa-man ʿĀṣarahum min Dhawī al-Sulṭāh al-Akbar. [A General History of the Arabs and of the Muslim Dynasties]. With indexes prepared by Jūsuf As ad, 7 vols.: Beirut: Maktabat al-Madrasah Wa-Dār al-Kitāb al-Lubnānī, 1961.Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿīd, Abū al-Hasan Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī ībn Mūysā al-ʿAnsī, called Ibn Saʿid al-Miaghribi (610-685 A.H.). Nashwat al-Tarab fi-Tārīkh Jāhiliyah al-ʿArab. [The Pre-Islamic History and Culture of the Arabs]. 2 vols. Ed. Nasrat ʿAbd al-Raḥnān. ʿAmmān: Maktabat al-Aqṣā, 1982.Google Scholar
Ibn Saʿīd, Abū al-Hasan Nūr al-Dīn ʿAlī ībn Mūysā al-ʿAnsī.Kitāb Baṣṭ al-Arḍ. fī-al-Tūl wa-al-ʿArd. [The Book of the Extension of the Land on Longitudes and Latitudes]. Ed. and trans. Juan Vernet Gines as Libro de la extension de la tierra en longitud y latitud. Tetuan: Instituto Muley El-Hasan, 1958.Google Scholar
ʿAlī Ṭarkhān, IbrāhimMisr fī ʿAsr al-Mamālīk al-Jarākisah. [Egypt during the Mamluk era]. Ciaro, 1959.Google Scholar
ʿAlī Ṭarkhān., Ibrāhim“al-islām wa-al-Mamālik al-Islamiyyah bi-al-Habash-ah fī al-ʿUṣūr al-Wusṭā” [Islam and Muslim Kingdoms in Abyssinia During Medieval Times], Majallat al-Jamʿiyah al-Tārīkhiyah al-Misriyah, vol. 13, Cairo, 1966.Google Scholar
Allāh Muḥammad, Ibrāhīm ʿAbd (Māḥ). al-Hazīmah al-Thālithah, al-Kifāḥ al-Tārīkhī li-al-Sūmāl al-Gharbī. [The Third Defeat, the Western Somali Historical Struggle]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Miṣriyah, 1982.Google Scholar
Muḥamūd, Ibrāhīm Hāshī. Kifāḥ al-Ḥayāt. [The Struggle]. Muqdishu: al-Matba ʿah al-Hukūmiyah al-Ṣūmāliyah, 1961.Google Scholar
Muḥamūd, Ibrāhīm Hāshī. al-Sūmāliyah bi-Lůghat al-Qur'ān “Muḥawalah Waṭaniyah li-Kitābat Lughat al-Unm.” [Somali in the Language of the Qur'an]. Cairo: Dār al-Ṭibāʿ at al-Ḥadīthah, 1963.Google Scholar
Al-Ibyārī, Ahmad Ismāʿ īl. Tashrīʿ at Himāyat al-Bī'ah al-Baḥriyah al-Sāḥiliyah bi-Duwal al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar wa-Khalījʿ Adan. [Legislation for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden]. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿah al-ʿArabiyah al-Ḥadīthah, 1979.Google Scholar
Al-Isṭakhrī, Ibn Isḥaq Ibrāhīm bin Muḥammad al-Fārisī. al-Masālik wa-al-Mamālik. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1927, and Cairo: Wazārat al-Thaqāfah wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī, 1961.Google Scholar
Al-Jabartī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Shaykh Hasan. ʿAjā'ib al-Athār fī al-Tarājum wa-al-Akhbār. Cairo: al-Matbaʿah al-Sharqiyah, 1905.Google Scholar
Al-Jabartī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān bin Shaykh Hasan. ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Jabartī: Dirāsah wa-Buḥūth. [A Collection of Papers on the Historian al-Jabarti]. Ed. ʿAbd al-Karīm, Ahmad ʿIzzat. Qāhirah: al-Hay'ah al-Miṣriyah al-ʿAmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1976.Google Scholar
al-Gharbī, Jabhat al-Taḥrīr al-Ṣūmāl. al-Ṣūmāl al-Gharbī Tārīkhuhu al-Niḍālī wa-al-Siyāsī. [West Somalia and the History of Its Struggle]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1980.Google Scholar
Yahyā, Jalāl. al-Tanāfus al-Dawli fī Bilād al-Ṣūmāl. [The Struggle Between the Powers for Somalia]. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1959.Google Scholar
Yahyā, Jalāl. al-Tanāfus al-Istiʿmārī fī Sharq Ifrīqiya. [Colonial Struggle for East Africa]. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿrifah, 1959.Google Scholar
Yahyā, Jalāl. Miṣr al-Ifrīqiyah. [Egypt and Africa]. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1967.Google Scholar
Yahyā, Jalāl. al-ʿAlāqat al-Misriyah al-Sūmāliyah. [Egypto-Somali Relations]. Cairo: Lujnat al-Dirāsāt al-Ifrīqiyah, 1960.Google Scholar
Yahyā, Jalāl. al-Tawasuʿ al-Īṭālī fī Sharq Ifrīqīya. [Italian Expansion in East Africa]. Cairo: Majallat Nahdat Ifriqiya, Issue no. 18, 1959.Google Scholar
Zakariyā Qāsim, Jamāl. al-Maṣādir al-ʿ Arabiyah li-Tārikh Sharq Ifrīqiya. [Arab Sources on the History of East Africa]. Cairo: al-Majallah al-Miṣriyah li-al-Dirāsāt al-Tārīkhiyah, vol. 14, 1966.Google Scholar
Zakariyā Qāsim, Jamāl. Dawr al-ʿ Arab fī Kashf Ifrīqiya. [The Arab Role in the Discovery of Africa]. Kuwayt: Majallat ʿĀlam al-Fikr, vol. 1, 1971.Google Scholar
Zakariyā Qāsim, Jamāl. Istiqrār al-ʿ Arab fī Sāhil Sharq Ifrīqiya. [The Arab Settlements in East Africa]. Cairo: University of ʿAyn Shams publications of the Faculty of Arts, vol. 10, 1965.Google Scholar
Zakariyā Qāsim, Jamāl. al-Usūl al-Tārīkhiyah li-al-ʿ Alāqāt al-ʿ Arabiyah al-Ifrīqiyah. [The Origins of Arab-African Relations]. Cairo: Maʿhad al-Buḥūth wa-al-Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyah, 1975.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Tārīkh al-Ṣūmāl fī al-ʿUsūr al-Wustá wa-al-Ḥadithah. [Medieval and Modern History of Somalia]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Imām bi-al-Qalʿah, 1965.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Tārīkh Zuʿamā' al-Ḥarakah al-Siyāsiyah fī al-Sūmāl. [History of the Leaders of Somali Political Movements]. Muqdishu: al-Matbaʿah al-Ḥukūmiyah al-Ṣūmāliyah, 1965.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Tārīkh al-Liwā' Dā'ūd ʿAbd Allāh Hirzī. [The Life of General Daud Abdulle Hirsi]. Muqdishu: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Ḥukūmiyah al-Ṣūmāliyah, 1966.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Thawrat 21 Oktobar, Asbābuhā, wa-Ahdāfuhā, wa-Munjazātuhā. [The 21st October Revolution: Causes, Objectives, and Achievements]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1972.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Thalāthūna Su'ālan wa-Ajwibatuhā Ḥawla al-Arādī al-Ṣūmāliyah al- Latī Taḥtalluhā al-Ḥabashah. [Thirty Questions and Their Answers on the Ethiopian Occupied Territory of Somaliland]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1967.Google Scholar
ʿUmar ʿĪsá, Jāmaʿ. Madīnat Muqdishū Mādīhū wa Ḥāḍirihā. [History of Mogadishu, Past and Present]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1982.Google Scholar
Yūsuf, Kamāl. Wathā'iq Tārīkhiyah wa-Jughrāfiyah wa-Tijāriyah ʿAn Ifrīqiya al-Sharqiyah. (The Arabic translation of Guillain, G., Documents sur l'histoire, la géographie et le commerce de l'Afrique Orientale.) Cairo: 1927.Google Scholar
ʿAbd al-Rasūl, Kawthar. al-ʿArab fī Sharq Ifrīqiyah: Dirāsat fī al-Hijrāt al-Ḥadīthah ilá Ifrīqiya. [The Arabs in East Africa: Studies on Recent Migrations]. Quarterly Journal of ʿAyn Shams University, Faculty of Arts, Issue no. 12, Cairo: 1973.Google Scholar
Krachkovski, A.B.Tārīkh al-Adab al-Jughrāfī al-ʿArabī. [The History of Arab Geography]. translated from Russian by ʿUthmān Hāshim, Ṣalāh al-Dīn, 2 vols., Cairo, 1961.Google Scholar
Al-Khazraji, Muwaffaq al-Din Abū al-Ḥasan ʿAlī bin Abī Bakr al-Zabīdī (d. 1409/10). al-ʿUqūd al-Lu'lu'iyah fi Tārīkh al-Dawlah al-Rasūliyah [The Pearl Strings; a History of the Rasuli Dynasty of Yemen]. 2 vols. ed. Basyūnī ʿAsal, Shaykh Muhammad. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Hilal, 1911.Google Scholar
Al-Khūlī, Ḥasan Ḥusayn. Mushkilat Jabūtī. [The Djibouti Problem]. Cairo: Maʿhad al-Buhūth wa-al Dirāsāt al-ʿArabiyah, 1976.Google Scholar
Al-Khūlī, Ḥasan Ḥusayn. Sukkānu Jabūtī. [The Population of Djibouti]. Cairo: Majallat al-Dirāsāt al-Ifrīqiyah, 1981.Google Scholar
Al-Khūlī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. “Masā'id Junūb al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar wa-Shimāl Gharb al-Muḥīt al-Hindī.” [Fishing in the Southern Red Sea and Northwest Indian Ocean]. In Water Resources of the Arab Countries. Cairo: Silsilat al-Dirāsāt al-ʿilmiyah al-Muwassaʿah. No. 1, ALESCO, 1972.Google Scholar
al-Laknawī, Abī al-Ḥasanāt Muhammad ʿAbd al-Ḥayy al– Laknawī al-Hindī. al-Favā'id al-Bahiyah fī Tarājum al-Ḥanafiyah [On the Biographies of the Noted Men of Hanafi School of Thought]. Cairo: Matba ʿ at al-Saʿadah, 1324, A.H.Google Scholar
ʿAli Turyare, Muḥamud. Qadiyat al-Qarn al-Ifrīqī. [The Case of the Horn of Africa]. Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Miṣriyah al- ʿ Āmmah li-al-Kuttāb, 1979.Google Scholar
ʿAli Turyare, Muḥamud. al–Ṣūmāl wa-al–Hiyād al–'Ījābī. [Somalia and the Non-Aligned Policies], n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
al–Ṣūmāliyah, Ri'āsat Majlis al-A ʿlá li-al–Thawrah. Min Tawjīhāt al-Ra'īs Ziyād. [The Directives of President Siad]. Mogadishu: Presidency of the Supreme Revolutionary Council. These directives have appeared in the form of booklets since 1970.Google Scholar
al–Ṣūmāliyah, Ri'āsat Majlis al-A ʿlá li-al–Thawrah. al-Nashrah al-Qānūniyah li-Jamhūriyat al-Dimuqrātiyah. [Official Law Bulletin of the Somali Democratic Republic]. These started appearing during the early Italian colonial administration as Bollettino Ufficciale della Somalia.Google Scholar
Al-Makkī al Bukhārī, abū al-Ma ʿālī Alā' al-Dīn Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Bāqī. al-Tirāz al-Manqūsh fī Maḥasin al–Ḥubūsh. [On the History and Costumes of Abyssinia]. n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
al-Misriyah, al-Hamlakah. Ismā ʿīl bi-Munāsabat Khamsin Āman ʿ Alá Wafātih. [The 50th Anniversary of Isma ʿ il's Death]. Cairo: Maṭba ʿ at Dār al-Kutub al-Miṣriyah, 1945.Google Scholar
Al-Maqdisī, Abū ʿAbd Allāh|al-Maqdisī (known as al-Bishārī). Ahsan al-Taqāsīm fī Ma ʿ rifat al-Aqālīm. [On World Regional Geography]. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1906. Trans. into French as La meilleure repartition pour la connaissance des provinces, Damascus, 1963.Google Scholar
Al-Maqrīzī, Taqiyyu al-Dīn Aḥmad Bin ʿ Alī. al-Ilmam Man bi-Arḍ al-Habashah min Mulūk al-Islām. [On the Muslin Kings of Abyssinia]. Cairo: Matba ʿat al-Ta'līf, 1895.Google Scholar
Al-Maqrīzī, Taqiyyu al-Dīn Aḥmad Bin ʿ Alī. Kitāb al-Maqfī al-Kabīr fī Tarājum Ahl Miṣr wa-al-Wāfidīn ʿ Alayhā. [On the Biographies of Egyptians and the Emigrants to Egypt]. Istanbul: Petro Basha, n.d.Google Scholar
Al-Maqrīzī, Taqiyyu al-Dīn Aḥmad Bin ʿ Alī. al-Dhahab al--Masbūk fī Dhikr man Ḥajja min al-Khulafā' wa-al–Mulūk. [A Record of the Pilgrimage of Khalifs and Kings]. Ed. al-Shayyāl, Jamāl al-Dīn, Cairo: Maṭba ʿat al-Khazrajī, 1955.Google Scholar
Al-Mas ʿūdī, Abū al-Ḥasan ʿ Alī Bin al-Husayn. Murūj al-Dhahab wa-Ma ʿādin al-Jawhar. [On World History]. Cairo: Maṭba ʿ at Būlāq, 1866 (numerous other editions).Google Scholar
al-Fadā'il, Mufaḍḍal Ibn Abī. al-Nahj al-Sadīd wa-al-Durar al-Farīd. [On the History of the Mamluk Sultans]. 3 vols. ed. and trans. Edgar Blochet as Histoire des Sultans Mamluks. Paris, n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
Muḥammad ʿ Alī Abd al-Karīm, wa–Ākhrūn. Tārīkh al-Ta ʿ līm fī al-Ṣūmāl. [The History of Education in Somalia]. Mogadishu: Ministry of Education, Somalia, 1978.Google Scholar
Aḥmad, Muḥammad ʿ Abd al-Āl. al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar. [The Red Sea]. Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Miṣriyah al- ʿ Āmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1980.Google Scholar
al-Sayyid, Muḥammad Muhamūd. Jabrah wa-Jabart. [Jabra and Jabart]. Dirāsah wa-Buḥūth, Cairo: 1976.Google Scholar
Su'ūdī, Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Ghanī. al-ūümāl ʿudwu Jadīd fī al-Jāmaʿ ah al- ʿArabiyah. [Somalia, a New Member of the Arab League]. Cairo: Majallat al-Buḥüth wa-al-Dirāsāt al- Arabiyah, Issue no. 5, 1974.Google Scholar
Fā'iq, Muḥammad. Abd al-Nāsir wa-al-Thawrah al-Ifrīqiyah. [Abdi Nasir and African Revolution], Cairo: Dār al-Mustaqbal al-ʿArabī, 1982.Google Scholar
Shukrī, Muḥammad Fu'ād. Misr wa-al-Sūdān, Tārīkh Waḥdat Wādī al Nīl al-Siyāsiyyah fī al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ Ashar 1820-1885. [Egypt and the Sudan: a History of the Political Integration of the Nile Valley in the Nineteenth Century, 1820-1885]. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1957.Google Scholar
Mukhtār, Muḥammad Ḥāji. al-Tārīkh al-Sūmālī min Masādira ʿArabi-yah.[The Arab Sources for Somali History]. ALESCO Monthly Journal on Arabic Culture, Issue no. 16 (April, 1982).Google Scholar
Jumʿah, Maḥammad Lutfī. Bayna al- Asad al-Ifrīqī wa-al-Nimr al-Itālī. [Between the Lion of Africa and the Tiger of Italy]. A study on the Italo/Abyssinian crises of 1934/35. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿarif, 1935.Google Scholar
Sayyid, Muḥammad al-Maʿtaṣim. Duwal Islāmiyyah fi Sharq Ifrīqiya, Harar wa-al-Ṣumal [Muslim States in East Africa, Harar, and Somalia]. Cairo: al-Majlis al-Aʿ lá li-al-Shu'ūn al-lslāmiyah, (silsilah Dirasat fi al-Islam), 1965.Google Scholar
Sayyid, Muḥammad al-Maʿtaṣim. Mahdi al-Ṣūmāl Baṭal al-Thawrah Ḍidda al-Isti mar. [Mahdi of Somalia, Hero of the Revolution Against Colonial Powers]. Cairo: Silsilat Madahib wa-Shakhṣiyāt, (n.d.).Google Scholar
Qandīl, Muḥammad. Tārīkh al-Jabarti. [History of Jabarti]. Cairo: Matābiʿ al-Shaʿb, 1958.Google Scholar
Ṣabri, Muḥammad. Miṣr fī Ifrīqiya al-Sharqiyah, Harar, Zaylaʿ, Barbara. [Egypt in East Africa, Harar, Zeila, Berbera]. Cairo: Maṭba at Maṣr, 1939.Google Scholar
Ṣabri, Muḥammad. al-Imbrātūriyah al-Sūdāniyah fī al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ Ashar. [The Sudan Empire in the Nineteenth Century]. Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1948.Google Scholar
al-Ifrīqī, Muḥammad Ṭāriq Bik. Mudhakkarātī fī al-Harb al-Habashiyah 1935-1936. [My Diary on the Abyssinian War, 1935-1936]. Damascus, 1937.Google Scholar
Ziyād Barī, Muḥammad. Falsafat al-Thawrah al-Ṣūmāliyah. [The Philosophy of the Somali Revolution], Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, n.d.Google Scholar
Muḥamtnaddayn, Muḥammad Muḥamud Aḥmad. Dirāsat fī al-Adab al-Sūmālī. [A Study on the Somali literature]. Cairo: al-Majlis al-Aʿ lé li-Ri ayat al-Funūn wa-al-'Ādāb wa'al- ʿUlūm al-Ijtimaʿ iyah. al-Hay'ah al'ʿ Āmtnah li'Shu'un al-Matābiʿ al-Amīriah, 1973.Google Scholar
al-Zāhir, Muḥyi al-Dīn ibn ʿAbd. Tashrīf al-Ayyām wa-al- ʿUsūr fī Sīrat al-Malik al-Manṣūr. [The Life and the Era of the Mamluk King al-Mansur]. ed. Kamil, Murad, Cairo, 1961.Google Scholar
wa-al-ʿulūm, Al-Munazzamah al- ʿArabiyah li-al-Tarbiyah wa-al-Thaqāfah. Al- ʿAlāqāt al- ʿArabiyah al-Ifrīqiyah: Dirasah Tarikhiyah li-al-Āthār al-Salbiyah li-al-Istiʿ mār. [The Relations Between the Arabs and the Africans, and the Negative Aspects and Effects of the European Colonization on them]. Cairo: Maʿ had al-Buḥūth wa-al-Dirāsāt al- ʿArabiyah, 1977.Google Scholar
Al-Munazzamah al- ʿArabiyah li-al-Tarbiyah wa-al-Thaqafah wa-al-ʿUlūm. [Arab League Education, Culture, and Science Organization ALESCO]. Baghdad: Maʿ had al-Buhuth wa al-Dirasat al-ʿArabiyah, 1982.Google Scholar
Al-Munazzamah al- ʿArabiyah li-al-Tarbiyah wa-al-Thaqafah wa-al-ʿUlūm. “Barnāmij Dirāsat Bī'at al-Bahr al-Ahmar wa-Khalīj ʿAdan. [Program for a Study of the Environments of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden]. paper presented to ALECSO from the executive committee of the program, Document No. 5/1978, Cairo, 1978.Google Scholar
Al-Nahrawalī, Quṭb al-Dīn Muhammad Bin Ahmad. al-Barq al-Yamānī fī al-Fath al- ʿUthmdnī. [The Ottoman Conquest of Yemen]. Riyad: Dār al-yamāmah li-al-Baḥth wa-al-Nashr, 1967.Google Scholar
Shuqayr, Na ʿum Bin Bishārah Niqola. Tārīkh al-Sūdān. [About the Conquests of Edypt to Sudan and the Horn of Africa]. Cairo: 1904.Google Scholar
Luigi, Pestalozza. al-Thawrah al-ṣūmāliyah. [The Somali Revolution] . trans. Dār Ibn Khaldūn, Beirut, 1973.Google Scholar
Al-Qalqashandī, Ahmad Ibn ʿAlī. Ṣubḥ. al-Aʿ shā fī Sināʿ at al-Inshā'. [On Muslim History and Literature]. 14 vols.: Cairo: al-Maṭba ʿah al-Amīriyah, 1913.Google Scholar
Al-Qinā'ī, Aḥmad Bin Muḥammad al-Ḥanafī. al-Jawāhir al-Hassān fī Tārīkh al-Ḥabshān. [On the History of Abyssinia]. Cairo: al-Maṭba ah al-Kubrá al-Amīriyah, 1321 A.H.Google Scholar
Al-Quṭbī, Shaykh ʿAbd Allāh Maʿ allim Yūsuf. al-Majmūʿ ah al-Mubārakah, known as Naṣr al-Mu'minin fī al-Radd Alá al-Maradah wa-al-Mulhidīn. [Victory of the Believers on the Rebellion of the Heretics]. Contains violent polemics against the Salihiyah order. Cairo: Maṭba at al-Mashhad al-Ḥusaynī, n.d.Google Scholar
al-Barāwī, Rāshid. al-Sūmāl al-Kabīr Ḥaqīqah wa-Hadaf. [On the Idea of a Greater Somalia]. Cairo: Dār al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyah, 1960.Google Scholar
al-Barāwī, Rāshid. al-Ṣūmāl al-Jadīd Falsafah wa-Amal [The Building of a New Somalia]. Cairo: Dār al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyah, 1970.Google Scholar
ʿAbd AllāhRīrāsh, Shaykh Ahmad Rīrāsh, Shaykh Ahmad. Kashf al-Sudūl ʿAn Tārīkh al-Ṣūmāl wa Mamalikihim al-Sabʿ ah. [The Revelation of Somali History and its Seven Kingdoms]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
Gūlayd, Saʿ īd ʿUthmān. Yawmiyyāt Ṣūmāliyah. [A Somali Diary]. Aden: Dār al-Jamāhir li al-Ṭibāʿ ah wa-al-Nashr, 1969.Google Scholar
Gūlayd, Saʿ īd ʿUthmān. Alfāz ʿArabiyah fī al- Lughat al-Ṣūmāliyah “Baḥth Maydāni”. [Arabic Worlds in the Somali Language “Field Research”]. Aden: Maṭābi ʿ Al-Thawrī, 1973.Google Scholar
ʿAshū”r, Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāh. BaʿḌ AḌwā' Jadīdah ʿAlé al-ʿAlāqāt Bayna Misra wa-al-Habashah fi al- ʿUsūr al-Wusṭé. [Some New Aspects of Egypto/Ethiopian Relations in Medieval Times]. Cairo: Majallat al-Jam ʿiyah al-Misriyah li-al- Dirāsāt al-Tārīkhiyah, vol. 14, 1968.Google Scholar
ʿAshū”r, Saʿīd ʿAbd al-Fattāh. Miṣr fī ʿAṣr al-Mamālīk al-Baḥriyah. [Egypt During the Marine Mamluks]. Cairo, 1955.Google Scholar
Al-Sakhāwī, Muḥammad Ibn ʿAbd al-Rahmān. al-Tibr al-Masbūk fī Dhayl al-Sulūk. The Annals of Egypt, A.H. 845-857, designed as a continuation of the Kitāb al-Sulūk of Aḥmad Ibn ʿAlī al-Maqrīzī. Ed. Zakī Bay, Aḥmad. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Amīriyah bi-Būlāq, 1896.Google Scholar
Al-Sālimī, al-Imām Nūr al-Dīn ʿAbd Allāh Bin Hāmid. Tuḥfat al-Aʿyān bi-Sīrat Āl ʿUrmriān. [The History and Life of the Omani Dynasties]. 2 vols.: Cairo: Abū Isḥaq al-Jazā'irī, 1330, A.H.Google Scholar
Sālim, al-Sayyid Muṣṭafā. al-Fath al-ʿUthmānī al-awwal li-al-yaman. [The First Ottoman Conquests of Yemen]. Cairo, 1969.Google Scholar
Naṣr, al-Sayyid Yūsuf. Juhūd Misr al-Kashfiyah fī Ifrīqiya. [Egyptian Efforts in the Exploration of Africa]. Cairo: al-Hay'ah al-Miṣriyah al-ʿĀmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1979.Google Scholar
Al-Sūfī, Shaykh ʿAbd al-Rahmān Bin Shaykh ʿAbd Allāh, known as Shaykh Hāji Sūfī. Shajarat al-Yaqin. [The Tree of Certitude], or Nubdhat al-Yaqīn fī Muʿjizāt Khayr al-Bariyah. [A Certain Portion of the Miracles of the Best Among the Creatures]. Published in al-Majmūʿah al-Mubārakah.Google Scholar
Al-Sūfī, Shaykh Mahammad Bin Shaykh Qāsim al-Barāwī, known as Shaykh Muḥammad Sūfī. Dalīl al-ʿIbād Ilá Sabīl al-Rashād [The Believer's Guidance to the Straight Path] or Murshid al-Aḥbāb Ilá Rab al-Arbāb. [The Best Guide to God]. Cairo: Matba at al-Kaylānī al-Saghīr, n.d.Google Scholar
al-Maharī, Sulaymān ibn Ahmad. Kitāb al-ʿUmdah al-Mdhariyah fī Dabt al-ʿŪlūm al-Baḥriydh. [Guide to the Science of Oceanography]. ed. Khūrī, Ibrāhim. Damascus: Matbūʿāt Majmaʿ al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyah, 1970.Google Scholar
al-Maharī, Sulaymān ibn Ahmad. al-Minhāj al-Fākhir fī ʿIlm al-Baḥr al-Zākhir. [Guide to Seafaring]. Ed. Khūrī, Ibrāhīm. Damascus: Maṭbūʿāt Majmaʿ al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyah, 1970.Google Scholar
al-Maharī, Sulaymān ibn Ahmad. Risālat Qilādat al-Shumūs wa-Istikhrāj Qawāʿid al-Usūs. [Guide to Navigation]. Two other works are bound with this: Tuḥfat al-Fuhūl fī Tamhīd al-Usūl fī Usūl ʿIlmal-Baḥr and Kitāb Sharh Tuḥfat al-Fuḥūl fī Tamhīd al-Uṣūl fī Uṣūl ʿIlm al-Baḥr. Ed. Khūrī, Ibrāhīm with an introduction in French. Damascus: Matbuʿat Majmaʿ al-Lughah al-ʿArabiyah, 1972.Google Scholar
Al-Suyūtī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Abī Bakr. Ḥusn al-Muḥaḍārah fī Akhbār Miṣrah wa-al-Qāhirah. [A Compendium of the History of Egypt]. Cairo: al-Maṭbaʿah al-Sharqiyah, 1327, A.H.Google Scholar
Al-Suyūtī, Jalāl al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Ibn Abī Bakr. Azhār al-ʿUrūsh fī Akhbār al-Ḥubūsh. [On the History of Abyssinia], n.p., n.d.Google Scholar
Arslān, Shakīb. Ḥāḍir al-ʿĀlam al-Islāmī. [The Muslim World Today], 4 vols.: Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1971.Google Scholar
Shalabī, Husayn Ahmad. Aqāsīs min al-Ṣūmāl. [Somali Stories]. Cairo: Dār ai-Maʿārif, 1962.Google Scholar
Buṣāylī Alī, Al-Shāṭir. “Al-Ṣirāʿ Bayna al-Dawlah al-ʿUthmāniyah wa-Ḥukūmat al-Burtuqāl.” [The Struggle Between the Ottomans and Portugal]. in Majallat al-Jamʿiyah al-Miṣriyah li-al-Dirāsāt al-Tārīkhiyah, 1964/1965.Google Scholar
Buṣaylī ʿ Alī, Al-Shāṭir. Tārīkh wa Hadārat al-Sūdān al-Sharqī wa-al-Awsaṭ.in al-Qarn al-Sābiʿ li-al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ ʿAshar li-al-Mīlād. [History of Central and Eastern Sudan from the 7th to the 19th Centuries]. Cairo: al-Hay'at al-Misriyah Āmmah li-al-Kitāb, 1972.Google Scholar
Allāh al-Jamal, Shawqī ʿAṭa. “Miṣr wa-al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar fī al-Niṣf al-Thānī Min al-Qarn al-Tāsiʿ ʿAshar,” [“Egypt and the Red Sea in the Second Half of the 19th Century”] in Majallat al-Jamʿ iydh al-Miṣriyah li-al-Dirāsāt al-Tārīkhiyah, 6 (1957)Google Scholar
Allāh al-Jamal, Shawqī ʿAṭa. Tārīkh Kashf Ifrīqiya wa-istiʿ mārahā. [A History of the Exploration of Africa and its Colonization]. Cairo: Maktabat al-Anglo al-Miṣriyah, 1971.Google Scholar
Bin ʿUmar, Al-Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, known as Shaykh ʿAbdT Ili. Jalā' al-ʿAynayn fī Mandāib al-Shaykhayn, al-Shaykh al-Waliyyi Ḥāji Aways al-Qādirī, wa-al-Shaykh al-Kāmil ʿAbd al-Rahmān al-Zaylaʿī. [The Biographies of Shaykh Aways and Shaykh Abd al-Rahman al-Zayla ʿi]. Cairo: Maṭba ʿat al-Mashhad al-Ḥusaynī, 1954. [This work is a combination of Uns al-Anīs fī Manāqib al-Shaykh al-Ra'īS al-Waliyyi al-Kabīr wa-al-Quṭb al-Shahīr Mawlānā al-Shaykh Aways Al-Qādirī al-Barāwṭ, [The Life of Shaykh Aways] (collected by Shaykh Qasim al-Barawi] and RāḤat al-Qalb al-Mutawalliʿ fī Manāqib al-Shavkh ʿAbd al-Rahmān Bin AḤmad al-Zaylaʿi [The Life of Shaykh ʿAbd al-Rhamān al-Zayla ʿī]. Collected by Shaykh ʿAbdī ʿ Ilī. Shaykh ʿAbdʿ ʿIli later edited the first and published it with his own second one.Google Scholar
Bin ʿUmar, Al-Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, known as Shaykh ʿAbdT Ili. al-Majmūʿ al-Ḥāwī. [A Collection of Poems]. Praises to Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qadir al-Jilani, and a simplification of the traditional poem “ʿAqidat al- ʿAwam” [“The Principles of Faith”]. The book also includes a conclusion written by Ahmad (known as “Ḥāji Aswad”), a disciple of the author, on praising Muhammad. Cairo: Maktabat wa-Maṭba ʿat Mustafá al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1977.Google Scholar
Bin ʿUmar, Al-Shaykh ʿAbd al-Raḥmān, known as Shaykh ʿAbdT Ili. al-Jawhav al-Nafīs fī Khawaṣ al-Shaykh Aways al-Qādirī. [The Biography of Shaykh Aways and the Diffusion of the Awaysiyah Order]. Cairo: Maṭba ʿat al-Mashhad al-Ḥusayhī, 1964.Google Scholar
Samantar, al-Shaykh ʿAbd al-RaḤmān Ḥusayn. Mawqif al-Islām min Tatawur al-Mujtamaʿ at. [The Position of Islam in Social Development]. Published anonymously without date, though, according to the author's biography it is clear that the work was published after 1981.Google Scholar
Ibrāhīm, Al-Shaykh ʿAlī Hāji. al-Rushd fī ma Marra fī alMaʿ drif al-Simāliyah fī al-Iqlīm al-Shimālī min al-Maʿ ārik al-ʿ Ilmiyah wa-al-Munāsarāt al-Dīhiyah. [Debates on Knowledge and Religious Critics in Northern Somaliland]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1971.Google Scholar
Ibrāhīm, Al-Shaykh ʿAlī Hāji. Irshād al-Adhkiyā' fī Ḥukm al-Tawassul bi-al-Awliyā'. [Treaties on Sufism in Somalia]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1977. Another book by this author is included, entitled: al-Mawāhib al-Rabbāniyah fī Ḥukmi Tashaṭṭuhdt al-Jildniyah. [About Shaykh ʿAbd al-Qadir Jilani and His Thought] .Google Scholar
ʿAbd al-Bāqī, Al-Shaykh M. Fathī. “al-Takhtīt al-Iqlīmī wa-al-ʿUmrānī li-Bī'at al-Baḥr al-Aḥmar wa-Khalīj ʿAdan.” [“Regional Planning and Construction for the Environment of Red Sea and Gulf of Aden”]. Paper presented in the ALECSO Symposiun on Environment and Development, Cairo, 1978.Google Scholar
al-Raḥmān, Al-Shaykh al-Ḥāj Yūsuf ʿAbd. Kitāb Rabīʿ al-Qulūb fī Dhikr Manāqib wa-Faḍḋā'il Sayyidnā al-Shaykh Nūr Ḥusayn. [On the Life of Sheikh Nur Husayn, known as Sheikh Husayn Baliyal]. Cairo: Dār Ihyaā' al-Kutub al-ʿArabiyah, ʿĪsā al-Babī al-Ḥalabī wa-Shura-Kā'uhu, 1368 A.H. Another book entitled Kitāb Nuzhat al-Asrar wa-ṭahārat al-Aqdār fī Manāqib wa-Faḍ¯'il al-Shaykh Nūr Ḥusayn is bound with this.Google Scholar
al-ṣūmāl, Wizārat al-istiʿlāmāt J. (Ministry of information, Somali Republic). Ādhan ʿAbd Allah ʿUthmān Ra'īs al-Jamhūriyah al-ṣūmāliydh. [The Biography of Aden Abdulle Osman, the President of Somali Republic]. Mogadishu: Stamperia della Governo Somalo, 1963.Google Scholar
al-ṣūmāl, Wizārat al-istiʿlāmāt J.Tasrīhāt wa-khuṭab al-Duktūr ʿAb al-Rashīd ʿAlī Sharma'arkī, Ra'īs Majlis al-Wuzarā. [Speeches and Declarations of Dr. Abdi Rashid Ali Shermarke, the Prime Minister]. Mogadiscio: Stamperia del Governo Somalo, 1963.Google Scholar
al-ṣūmāl, Wizārat al-istiʿlāmāt J.al-Dastūr, al-Naṣ al-Nihā'ī li-al-Dastūr Maʿa al-Taʿdilāt al-Latī Ṭara'at ʿAlayhi Ḥatt¯ 31 Disambar 1963. [The Final Text of the Somali Constitution with the Amendments Introduced to it Until 3] December 1963], Mogadiscio: Stamperia del Governo, 1963.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. (Ministry of Information and National Guidance, Somali Democratic Republic). ṣūmāliyā al-lawm (maʿlūmāt ʿĀimmah. [Somalia Today: General Information]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1970.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. ṣūmāliya al-Jamīlah. [Beautiful Somalia]. Mogadishu, 1978.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. Bilādī wa-Shaʿbī: Khuṭab al-Rafīq al-Liwā' Muḥammad. Ziyād Barrī Ra'īs al-Majlis al-Aʿl´ li-al-Thawrah al-ṣūmīl-iyah 1971-1972. [My People and My Country: Speeches of Comrade Lt. General Muhammad Siad Barre, President of the Supreme Revolutionary Council of Somalia, 1971-1972]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, October 1973.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. Bilādī wa-Shaʿbī (al-Qism al-Awwal min Mukhtārīt min Khuṭab al-Ra'īs Muhammad Ziyād. [My People and My Country (First Part of the Selected Speeches of President Mohamed Siad], Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, October 1975.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. Bilādī wa-Shaʿbī: Nukhbah min Khuṭab al-Ra'īs Ziyād Ra'iīs al-Jamhūriyah al-ṣumāliyah 1975. [My Country and My People: Selected Speeches of President Siad of the Somali Democratic Republic, 1975]. Mogadishu, SPA, 1977.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. Bilādī wa-Shaʿbī: Mukhtārāt min Khuṭab al-Ra'īs Muḥammad Ziyād Barrī. [My Country and My People: Selected Speeches of President Mohamed Siad Barre]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1982.Google Scholar
al-Dīmuqrāṭiyyah, Wizīrat al-Iʿlām wa-al-Irshād al-Qawmī Jamhūriyat al-Ḥūmāl. al-Sūmāl fī Zill al-Thawrah: Khamsat Aʿwām min al-Izdihār wa-al-Taqaddum. [On the First Five Years of the Revolution]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
al-Sūmāl, Wizārat al-Khārijiyah. J. (Ministry of Foreign Office, Somali Republic). al-Jamhūriyah al-Sūmāliyah wa-Munaẓamat al-Wahḥdah al-Ifriqiyah. [Somali Republic and the Organization of African Unity]. Mogadiscio: Stamperia del Governo, 1964.Google Scholar
al-Sūmāl, Wizārat al-Khārijiyah. J.al-Iqlīm al-Sūmūlī al-Khāḍiʿ li-al-Istiʿ mār al-Ithyūbī. [The Portion of Somali Territory Under Ethiopian Colonization]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
al-Sūmāl, Wizārat al-Khārijiyah. J.Sāḥil al-Sūmāl wa-al-Istiʿmīr al- Faransī. [The Somali Coast and French Colonial Domination]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
al-Sūmāl, Wizārat al-Khārijiyah. J.al-ṣūmāl wa-al-Jāma ʿah al-ʿ Arabiyah. [Somalia and the Arab League]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
Jamhūriyat al-Ṣūmāl, Wizārat al-Takhṭīṭ. (Ministry of Planning, Somali Republic). Al-Khiṭah al-Khamsiyah al-ūla 1963-1967. [The First Five-Year Plan, 1963-1967]. Mogadiscio: Stamperia del Governo, 1963.Google Scholar
Jamhūriyat al-Ṣūmāl, Wizārat al-Takhṭīṭ.al-Khiṭah al-Khamsiyah al-ṣūmāliyah 1974-1978. [The Five Year Plan]. Mogadishu: State Printing Agency, 1974.Google Scholar
Al-Yaʿqūbī, Aḥmad Ibn Isḥāq Ibn Jaʿfar Ibn Wahb. Al-Buldān. Leiden: E.J. Brill.Google Scholar
Al-Zaylaʿī, ʿAbd Allāh Bin Yūsuf Bin Muḥammad. NaṢb al-Rāyah fī Takhrīj Ahādīth al-Hidāyah. [A Selection of the Prophet's Traditions and Their Meaning]. ed. Indian Science Committee, 4 vols.: Cairo: Dār al-Ma'mūn, 1938.Google Scholar
Al-ZaylaʿīʿAbd al-Raḥmān Bin Aḥmad, known as Shaykh ʿ Abd al-Rahmān al-Zaylaʿī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Bin Aḥmad, known as Shaykh ʿ Abd al-Rahmān al-Zaylaʿī. Fatḥ al-Laṭif “Sharḥ-Ḥadīqat al-Tasrīf.“ [On the Grammar and Syntax of the Arabic Language]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Musṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1938.Google Scholar
Al-ZaylaʿīʿAbd al-Raḥmān Bin Aḥmad, known as Shaykh ʿ Abd al-Rahmān al-Zaylaʿī ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Bin Aḥmad, known as Shaykh ʿ Abd al-Rahmān al-Zaylaʿī. Majmūʿ ah Mushtamalah. [A Collection of Poems]. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat Muṣṭafā al-Bābī al-Ḥalabī, 1955.Google Scholar
Al-Zaylaʿī, Shaykh ʿUthmān Bin ʿAlī. Tabyīn al-Ḥaqā'iq li-Sharh Kanz al-Daqā'iq. [On the Theology of the Hanafi School of Islam]. 8 vols.: Cairo, n.d.Google Scholar
al-Dīn, Zayn. Kitāb Tuḥfat al-Mujāhidīn fī Ba ʿd Ahwāl al-Burtu-qāliyīn. [Resistence Against Portuguese Expansion]. Ed. and trans, by Lopes, David as Historia dos portugueses no Malabar, Lisbon, 1899.Google Scholar