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Emergence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in San Francisco Bay Area Hospitals During 1994 to 1998

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Jon Rosenberg ,
William R. Jarvis ,
Sharon L. Abbott ,
Due J. Vugia  and
California Emerging Infections Program
Jon Rosenberg*
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Branch, Berkeley, California
William R. Jarvis
Affiliation:
Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
Sharon L. Abbott
Affiliation:
Microbial Diseases Laboratory, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, Berkeley, California
Due J. Vugia
Affiliation:
Infectious Diseases Branch, Berkeley, California
California Emerging Infections Program
Affiliation:
The California Emerging Infections Program also includes S. Benson Werner and J. Michael Janda, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Health Services; Arthur Reingold, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California; and Gretchen Rothrock, Nandeeni Mukerjee, Lisa Gelling, Susan Shallow, and Pamala Daily, Public Health Foundation Enterprises, Oakland, California
*
Infectious Diseases Branch, Division of Communicable Disease Control, California Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Berkeley, CA 94704
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Abstract

Objective:

To determine the magnitude of van-comycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.

Design:

Active laboratory-based surveillance for VRE from January 1995 through December 1996 and a laboratory-based and hospital-based questionnaire survey for 1993 to 1994 and 1997 to 1998.

Setting:

All 33 general acute care hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area.

Participants:

Laboratories and infection control professionals serving these hospitals, and staff of the California Emerging Infections Program.

Results:

The number of hospitals reporting 1 or more patient clinical VRE isolates was 1 (3%) in 1993, 7 (21%) in 1994, 31 (94%) in 1995, and 33 (100%) in 1996 to 1998. The number of patient isolates increased from 1 in 1993 to 24 in 1994, 176 in 1995,429 in 1996, 730 in 1997, and 864 in 1998. Most VRE isolates in 1995 and 1996 were from urine and were not associated with serious clinical disease. However, the number of isolates from blood increased from 9 (6% of total) in 1995 to 44 (12% of the total) in 1996, 90 (14%) in 1997, and 100 (13%) in 1998.

Conclusions:

Our data document the rapid emergence and increase of VRE in all hospitals in three counties in the San Francisco Bay area during 1994 to 1998. Infection control measures for VRE together with antibiotic utilization programs should be implemented to limit further spread.

Type
Original Articles
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 25 , Issue 5 , May 2004 , pp. 408 - 412
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America 2004

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