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Surveillance for central-line–associated bloodstream infections: Accuracy of different sampling strategies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2018

Elani Kourkouni ,
Georgia Kourlaba ,
Evangelia Chorianopoulou ,
Grammatiki-Christina Tsopela ,
Ioannis Kopsidas ,
Irene Spyridaki ,
Sotirios Tsiodras ,
Emmanuel Roilides ,
Susan Coffin  and
Theoklis E. Zaoutis
...Show all authors
Elani Kourkouni*
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Georgia Kourlaba
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Evangelia Chorianopoulou
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Grammatiki-Christina Tsopela
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Ioannis Kopsidas
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Irene Spyridaki
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
Sotirios Tsiodras
Affiliation:
4th Department of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
Emmanuel Roilides
Affiliation:
3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
Susan Coffin
Affiliation:
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
Theoklis E. Zaoutis
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece
for the PHIG investigators
Affiliation:
Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece 4th Department of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece 3rd Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University, Hippokration Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
*
Author for correspondence: Elani Kourkouni MSc, Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Outcomes Research (CLEO), Nonprofit Civil Partnership, Athens, Greece. E-mail: elenkourkouni@hotmail.com
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Abstract

Background

Active daily surveillance of central-line days (CLDs) in the assessment of rates of central-line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) is time-consuming and burdensome for healthcare workers. Sampling of denominator data is a method that could reduce the time necessary to conduct active surveillance.

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of various sampling strategies in the estimation of CLABSI rates in adult and pediatric units in Greece.

Methods

Daily denominator data were collected across Greece for 6 consecutive months in 33 units: 11 adult units, 4 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs), 12 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), and 6 pediatric oncology units. Overall, 32 samples were evaluated using the following strategies: (1) 1 fixed day per week, (2) 2 fixed days per week, and (3) 1 fixed week per month. The CLDs for each month were estimated as follows: (number of sample CLDs/number of sampled days) × 30. The estimated CLDs were used to calculate CLABSI rates. The accuracy of the estimated CLABSI rates was assessed by calculating the percentage error (PE): [(observed CLABSI rates − estimated CLABSI rates)/observed CLABSI rates].

Results

Compared to other strategies, sampling over 2 fixed days per week provided the most accurate estimates of CLABSI rates for all types of units. Percentage of estimated CLABSI rates with PE ≤±5% using the strategy of 2 fixed days per week ranged between 74.6% and 88.7% in NICUs. This range was 79.4%–94.1% in pediatric onology units, 62.5%–91.7% in PICUs, and 80.3%–92.4% in adult units. Further evaluation with intraclass correlation coefficients and Bland-Altman plots indicated that the estimated CLABSI rates were reliable.

Conclusion

Sampling over 2 fixed days per week provides a valid alternative to daily collection of CLABSI denominator data. Adoption of such a monitoring method could be an important step toward better and less burdensome infection control and prevention.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 39 , Issue 10 , October 2018 , pp. 1210 - 1215
Copyright
© 2018 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved 

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